@theSynapse
The postsynaptic receptor that helps to identify
‘Neurons that fire together. . .’
What is an NMDA receptor?
This type of memory is assessed in experiments that ask you to recount prior experiences
What episodic (or declarative) memory?
This type of memory maintains information for months or years without any rehearsal.
What is long term memory?
By this time most neurons in the brain already exist
what is birth?
This occurs when a presynaptic axon is active at the same time that postsynaptic neuron is strongly activated by other inputs.
What is LTP?
This type of receptor remains bound to glutamate for a relatively long time and only opens when the postsynaptic membrane is depolarized (by the removal of a Mg2+ ion from the pore).
What is an NMDA receptor?
This is the classic experimental demonstration of classical conditioning
What is causing a dog to salivate when a bell rings? What is Pavlovian conditioning?
This is the type of amnesia that results in a loss of access to memories formed prior to a brain trauma.
What is retrograde amnesia?
This type of cell is the precursor to all cells in the brain
what are stem cells?
This is what happens to neurons that fail to form downstream synapses.
What is apoptosis?
The concentration of this ion determines whether a synapse will grow stronger or weaker.
What is calcium?
These three experimental manipulations are likely to increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus
What is increasing exercise? What is increasing socialization? What is increasing environmental novelty? What is enriching the environment?
This occurs when a presynaptic cell fires shortly after a postsynaptic cell according to ‘spike timing depended plasticity’
What is LTD?
This is type of stem cell division leads to a build up of more stem cells
What is vertical / symmetric division?
This form of plasticity is driven by sensory experiences beginning shortly after birth.
What is activity dependent synaptic rearrangement?
These two processes regulate the strength of a postsynaptic response to a presynaptic release of glutamate.
What is phosphorylation of and insertion of AMPA receptors?
This experimental surgery for intractable epilepsy demonstrated that the hippocampus, amygdala, and surrounding cortical areas are important for the formation of episodic memories but not procedural memories.
What is a bilateral temporal lobectomy?
This type of memory helps to remember the what, where, and when of the last time you last saw your parents.
What is episodic memory?
This transient layer of cells is below the cortical plate during development.
What is the subplate?
This is the ability to change the mapping between activity and induced plasticity, allowing a cell to adapt to changes in the baseline statistics of the world (e.g., like the frequency of hearing 'vaccine').
What is metaplasticity?
This modification to NMDA makes it more difficult to induce LTP for a given amount of synaptic activity
What is replacement of NR2B NMDA subunits with NR2A subunits?
This what was being studied when slices of hippocampus were repeatedly stimulated at high frequencies (tetanic stimulation).
What is long term plasticity?
These two periods in your life are when synapses are lost at a particularly fast rate.
What is adolescence & senecence?
This region is where stem cells are located in the brain
What are the periventricular regions?
This is what neurons compete for in order to survive development.
What are growth factors?