Body systems
Give me 3 examples of body systems
1) digestive 2)nervous 3)Respiratory 4) Skeletal 5) Immune 6)cardiovascular
What is a synapse ?
a small gap that seperates neurons
The brain floats in a protective liquid. what is it called?
cerebrospinal fluid . It is a clear, colorless fluid found in the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
In neuroscience we call the senses ___________
Modalities. They include vision, audition, somatic, gustation, olfaction
What is the correct order for the visual pathway ? ( hint: there are 5 steps)
Stimulus -> Eye -> LGN -> V1 -> Extra striate ( V4, V5)
Digestion begins in the stomach. True or False
False. Digestion begins before we even chew food ! Gastric secretions occur when you see or smell food
Neurons have both dendrites and axons. which carries information to the cell body and which carries it away ?
dendrites : bring information to the cell body
axons: carry information away from the cell body
name 1 job of the cerebellum
the cerebellum recieves input from the CNS and uses this to corrdinate voluntary movements including balance, posture, speech, motor learning
Give me 1 example of a 'sub- modality'
colour, pressure, vibration, temperature, brightness etc.
What is neuroplasticity?
Describes how experiences in our life can reorganize the neural pathways in our brains. When we learn, our brain forges new pathways
How many bones in the human body of an adult ?
206. The skeletal system makes up about 20 % of your body weight ! As young children we have about 260 bones but over time some fuse.
explain the synaptic process between neurons
An eletrical impulse travels down the cell and triggers the migration of vesicles that hold neurotransmitters to move down the axon. These neurotransmitters move across the gap and bind to receptor sites of the next neuron
what part of the brain recieves sensory information from the senses and relys that information to the brain ?
Thalamus ! and remember it is a two way process
The thalamus relays ALL information that it recieves. True or False?
False ! The thalamus acts as a gatekeeper and regulates what information flows to the cortex
What does it mean if someone has synesthesia ? and give 1 example
reorganization of neurons to combine 2 or more of our senses. ex: the ability to taste colour
What body parts make up the central nervous system?
Brain and Spinal Cord.
an action potential Depolarizes a cell. what does this mean ? and what happens if it does not reach the threshold ?
It means that it brings up the electrical charge of the cell. There is a threshold; if the cell does not reach this level then the action potential will not fire.
What happens when someone has damage to Broca's area ?
They can still understand speech but they can form speech.
How do we determine visual angle ? ( hint : it includes object size and distance)
Visual angle = object size / object distance. and it is measured in degrees
Define cataplexy and give 1 example of a condition in which it can occur
cataplexy is sudden muscle weakness. It can occur in narcolepsy
What are the 2 types of nerves in the body and what do they do ?
1) Sensory nerves - gather informatiom about the outside world and transfer it to the brain
2) Motor nerves- communicate with our muscles and connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
We learned about two autonomic processes called 1) Fight or flight and 2) Rest and digest. Which one is activated when we are in a state of emergency?
Fight or flight !
What is the name of the structure that connects both sides of the brain ? ( hint: it begins with C)
Corpus Callosum . It is a mass of fibers that allows for communication between the 2 cerebral hemispheres
explain the difference between cones and rods. Which is best for day/ night? which type of wavelength is best? is it focused on central or peripheral ?
Rods: night vision, shorter wave length , peripheral vision
Cones: day vision, longer wave length, central vision
Give 2 examples of a therapy that can help reduce phantom limb pain
Hypnosis, Progressive muscle relaxation, Biofeedback, Shock therapy, nerve stimulation, medications