Neurons become interconnected through their short branches called ____ and _____
dendrites and long axons
This disorder in children is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty focusing.
ADHD
What brain structures were removed during Henry Molaison’s experimental surgery that resulted in his inability to form new memories?
hippocampi
How much (%) of the cerebral cortex is dedicated to vision?
30%
What neurotransmitter is targeted by hallucinogens such as LSD and marijuana?
serotonin
Apoptosis is activated if a neuron fails to receive enough life-sustaining chemical
signals called ______
trophic factors
Autism Spectrum Disorder affects specific parts of the brain. Which two regions are primarily involved?
amygdala and prefrontal cortex
What two processes are responsible for strengthening or weakening synaptic connections to support memory formation?
LTP and LTD
What is the part of the junction in the visual processing system where
iris
Alcohol simulates the activity of which neurotransmitter?
GABA
In proliferation, increasing cell division is what makes the brain. Once the division progresses, the cell division moves from _______ to ________
symmetric to asymmetric
This disorder includes alternating episodes of elevated mood (mania) and depression.
bipolar disorder
What receptors are involved in long term potentiation?
NMDA & AMPA glutamate receptors
What is the sheet of cells on the inner surface of your eyeball?
retina
Which pathway is most closely associated the flood of dopamine when taking opioids?
reward pathway
Three layers that emerge during the very early stages of embryonic
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected when Schizophrenia is present?
dopamine system
Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for reinforcing rewards and motivation in the brain’s reward pathway?
dopamine
Which part of the ear responds to higher pitch sounds?
liquid in cochlea
What drug, derived from the peyote cactus, has hallucinatory effects?
mescaline
A developing axon grows by the extension of its _______.
Bonus: explain what the structure does.
Growth Cone; at the end of the axon and finds the precise destination with the help of environmental cues.
What disorder is characterized by sudden, unexpected bouts of intense fear and even frightening physical symptoms, and what branch of disorders does it fall under?
panic disorder/anxiety disorders
What is the term for the brain’s capacity to adapt and change its neural connections in response to learning and new experiences?
synaptic plasticity
Process that neurologists use to see the minimum distance someone can feel between two points on their skin, rather than feeling it as 1 point?
two-point discrimination
Which structure of the brain, when damaged, can result in uncontrolled aggression and anger?
lateral habenula