Function
Psychology model that frames mental health/illness as the result of multiple factors in a persons life, such as genetic and cultural influences.
What is the bio-psycho-social model?
Historically, and even to this day, mental disorders are thought to arise from these two areas.
What are psychogenic and somatogenic?
Drugs used for treatment of depression and anxiety that target serotonin reuptake.
What are SSRIs/SNRIs?
Chemical compounds responsible for communication between nerve cells controlling most functions of the body.
What are neurotransmitters? (C. C. 2022)
Commonly known as adrenaline, this neurotransmitter, along with its companion, is responsible for increasing heart rate, attention, and arousal during intense situations.
What is epinephrine? (C. C. 2022)
Lack of serotonin causes depression, true or false?
False. Low serotonin has been found to aggravate depression in remission but not cause it on its own (Ronald W. Pies, 2019).
A common symptom of many disorders, this behavior has evolutionary roots and is related to dopamine, serotonin, and GABA regulation.
What is aggression? (Narvaes & Martins, 2014)
Drugs of abuse typically target this system.
What is the dopamine system?
Compounds used by the endocrine system that are introduced to the bloodstream through various glands and organs. Essential for growth and homeostasis.
What are hormones?
This NTM or category of NTM's rise sharply during adolescence, contributing to learning and reward based behavior, then decline steadily through adulthood.
What is dopamine / What are catecholamines? Receptor presentation declines at about 10% per decade after adolescence. (Li, 2012)
True or False: NTMs do the same thing everywhere in the CNS.
False: NTMs have very complicated relationships with each other and our behavior that we are only beginning to unravel. (Narvaes & Martins, 2014)
These two neurotransmitters regulate each other in your central nervous system, one excites and one inhibits. Dysregulation is thought to contribute to disorders such as: schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, anxiety, and depression.
What are glutamate and GABA? (Rivas-Vazquez & Resnick, 2003)
This family of drugs focuses on NTMs and are used to treat most mental illnesses.
What are psychotropic drugs? (Greenshaw, 2003)
True or False, dopamine is the primary agent of schizophrenia.
False. While some research shows that dopamine agonists reduce negative symptoms, there is little consistent evidence supporting dopamine as the primary cause of schizophrenia. (Haracz, 1982) PCP, a drug that acts on glutamate receptors, is shown to induce psychosis, hinting at glutamate's possible role. (Rivas-Vazquez & Resnick, 2003)
This NTM is thought to have ties to disorders like schizophrenia, BPD, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. It is also associated with risk-taking.
What is dopamine? (Narvaes & Martins, 2014)
This type of medication is a dopamine antagonist and is typically used as an antipsychotic.
What are neuroleptics? (Haracz, 1982) Examples include haloperidol and chlorpromazine. (Greenshaw, 2003)
This NTM is the primary inhibitor in mammals, and is shared across a wide range of evolutionary branches, even exhibiting inhibitory behavior in something as simple as a hydrozoan.
What is GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)? (Narvaes & Martins, 2014)
This neurotransmitter is a non-essential amino acid, the primary excitatory compound in the Central Nervous System (CNS), and is responsible for pain transmission as well as learning and memory.
What is glutamate? (Rivas-Vazquez & Resnick, 2003)
While we still aren't sure how it works, this therapy technique got its start in slaughterhouses! It is thought to balance NTMs and induce new neuronal growth.
What is ECT? (Reti, 2018)
A result of too much glutamate, this imbalance of homeostasis results in over activation of NMDA receptors; allowing excessive calcium intake and activating proteases inside the neurons that eat the cell.
What is excitotoxicity? This cell damage is thought to have a link with Alzheimer's. (Rivas-Vazquez & Resnick, 2003)