Properties of Matter
What are the three common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
Is melting ice a physical change or a chemical change?
Physical change
What are two common signs that a chemical reaction may have occurred?
What is the smallest unit of an element that retains that element's chemical identity?
An atom
A rock and a sponge have the same volume. The rock has more mass. Which object has the greater density?
The rock
What property of matter tells you how much space an object occupies?
Volume
What chemical property describes a substance's ability to burn?
Flammability
When vinegar and baking soda react, what gas is produced?
Carbon dioxide
What part of an atom determines which element it is?
The number of protons in its nucleus (atomic number)
You break a piece of chalk into four smaller pieces. Did you create a new substance? Explain why or why not.
No. It is a physical change because the chalk's composition remains the same
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter; weight is the force of gravity on an object
A metal spoon conducts heat well. Is this a physical or chemical property?
Physical property
What law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction?
The law of conservation of mass
Which element has the chemical symbol O?
Oxygen
A sealed container holds 10 grams of reactants. After a chemical reaction, how many grams of products should be present if no matter escapes?
10 grams, assuming the container is sealed and all matter is accounted for.
What happens to the particles of a substance when it is heated?
Their particles generally move faster and gain kinetic energy
What is the term for a substance's resistance to being scratched?
Hardness
If two clear liquids are mixed and a solid suddenly forms, what is the solid called?
A precipitate
What group of elements is known for being shiny, malleable, and good conductors of electricity?
Metals
Two objects have the same mass, but one takes up more space. Which object has the greater density?
The object that takes up less space (has the smaller volume)
What is the name of the change when a solid turns directly into a gas?
Sublimation
Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form rust. What chemical property does this demonstrate?
Reactivity with oxygen; specifically, oxidation
In a chemical reaction, what are the starting substances called?
Reactants
Can an element be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions?
No. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions.
A student says, “If a substance changes color, it must have undergone a chemical reaction.” Is the student always correct? Explain your reasoning.
No. Color can change during a physical process, such as mixing dyes. Other evidence is needed to determine whether a chemical reaction occurred