1st New Deal & 100 Days
What were the "Hundred Days"?
The first intense period of legislation under FDR in 1933.
What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?
A jobs program for millions of unemployed workers.
Who proposed government spending to boost demand?
John Maynard Keynes.
What was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?
A project providing electricity and development.
How did the New Deal change the definition of American freedom?
It added economic security (maintained by the government) as a part of freedom.
What did the Emergency Banking Act do?
It stabilized banks and restored public confidence.
What did the Wagner Act do?
It protected workers’ rights to unionize.
Who advocated “Share Our Wealth”?
Huey Long.
What was the Dust Bowl and how did it happen?
An environmental disaster causing mass migration, caused by drought and poor farming practices.
Did women benefit from the New Deal. If so how, of not why?
They got some job opportunities but there was limited equality because many programs prioritized male employment.
What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?
To provided jobs for young men in environmental projects.
What was the Social Security Act?
It created old age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to vulnerable children and the disabled.
Why did critics argue the New Deal didn’t go far enough?
It didn’t fully redistribute wealth or eliminate poverty
What is a welfare state?
The government provides basic economic security.
How did minorities experince the New Deal?
There were some benefits but continued discrimination and exclusion.
What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) aim to do?
Raise crop prices by reducing production.
How did the Second New Deal differ from the First?
The Second focused more on long-term reform and social welfare compared to immediate economic recovery.
What was the idea behind “economic justice” in the 1930s?
Greater equality through government action.
What was “court packing”?
FDR’s attempt to add judges to the Supreme Court.
What was a “sit-down strike”?
Workers stopped production by occupied factories to demand rights.
What was the goal of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?
To regulate industry and promote fair competition and wages.
What was the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)?It
It was a group promoting industrial unionism.
What was the Popular Front?
A coalition promoting social reform and anti-fascism.
How did the Public Works Administration (PWA) differ from the Workers Progress Administration (WPA)?
PWA focused on large-scale, capital-intensive infrastructure projects like the Hoover Dam, the Triborough Bridge, and the Lincoln Tunnel. The WPA directly employed workers to provide immediate work-relief to reduce unemployment rates quickly.
How did the Popular Front influence culture?
Promoted social unity and anti-fascism through conscious art, music, and film.