ecology
What is climate?
The long-term, prevailing weather conditions in a given area
What is predation?
Predation is a +/− interaction between species in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey.
Chemical defenses of prey include:
Odors and toxins, synthesized by the prey species or passively acquired from the food the prey eats.
A ______ is a group of individuals that can exchange genetic material through interbreeding or share alleles through reproduction.
Why does reproductive isolation arrive at different rates on these two islands?
Mutation is a random process, so the number of accumulated mutations on each island will be different.
What abiotic factors are the major components of climate?
Temperature, water, sunlight, and wind
T/F: The term predation applies to a broad range of interactions, including a lion eating an animal or an animal that kills and eats a plant.
True
List an example of startle coloration
False eyed frogs
What is an interbreeding group of organisms of the same species living in the same geographic area called?
A population
Consider the following scenario:
Two species of frog mate in the same pond. One breeds in early summer and one in late summer. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolation?
A. pre-zygotic, behavioral isolation
B. pre-zygotic, temporal separation
C. pre-zygotic, ecological separation
D. post-zygotic, temporal separation
E. post-zygotic, ecological separation
pre-zygotic, temporal separation
Large land areas with similar environmental conditions and characteristic plant communities are called what?
Biomes
A biological _______ is an interacting group of various species in a common location/habitat
Community
What is the mechanism where a prey species may gain protection by mimicking the appearance of another prey species
Mimicry
What impacts can mutations have?
Positive?
Negative? Neutral?
All of these, advantageous, harmful, neutral
What is the morphospecies concept?
The morphospecies concept states that members of the same species usually look alike.
Terrestrial biomes can be characterized by what 5 things?
Distribution, precipitation, temperature, plants, and animals
Predators have many feeding adaptations, including:
Acute senses and weaponry, such as claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, or poison to help them catch and subdue prey
Evolution is a change in ______ or ______ frequency from one generation to the next.
allele, genotype
________ is the change in an allele’s frequency over time based on that particular allele’s impact on survival and reproduction.
Natural Selection
The ecological species concept (ESC) is based on the idea that there is:
A one-to-one correspondence between a species and its niche.
The major terrestrial biomes are:
Tropical forest, savanna, chaparral, temperate grassland, coniferous forest, temperate broadleaf forest, and tundra
List the major aquatic biomes and their defining physical features.
Lakes, wetlands, streams, rivers, estuaries, intertidal biomes, oceanic pelagic biomes, coral reefs, and marine benthic biomes.
T/F: individuals evolve
FALSE! NO NO NO!
Reproductive isolation is the key to the biological species concept. What is reproductive isolation?
Reproductive isolation is caused by barriers to reproduction before or after egg fertilization.
Which of the statements reflects one way that two different species can produce hybrid offspring?
A. They are post-zygotically isolated but occasionally will mate anyway.
B. The two species are probably hybrids as well, so reproduction can occur between the two.
C. The amount of divergence between the two species is such that it allows for production of offspring, but the offspring are sterile.
D. They are distantly related but occupy similar habitats.
The amount of divergence between the two species is such that it allows for production of offspring, but the offspring are sterile.