Forces
Forces that cause a change in motion (net force ≠ 0).
What are unbalanced forces?
The amount of matter in an object, usually measured in kilograms.
What is mass?
The change in position of an object over time.
What is motion?
The size affects how hard it is to move; mass is the key factor.
What is a common misconception about mass?
To accelerate a heavier shopping cart at the same rate as a lighter one, what must you do?
You must apply more force
The vector sum of all forces acting on an object.
More mass means more inertia, which resists changes in motion.
How does mass affect inertia?
The distance traveled per unit of time.
What is speed?
In a vacuum, all objects fall at the same rate regardless of mass.
Why do heavier objects not fall faster?
Describe the difference in acceleration for a 3 kg object vs. a 6 kg object under the same net force.
The 3 kg object will accelerate more due to less inertia.
Balanced forces result in no motion change; unbalanced forces cause acceleration.
The force of gravity acting on an object's mass
What is weight?
Velocity is measured as speed in a specified direction.
How do we measure velocity?
What does a negative sign in force indicate?
What happens to a cart pushed with a 10 N net force if its mass doubles?
The acceleration will halve because the mass is greater, resulting in less change in motion.
A force opposing motion between two surfaces in contact.
What is friction?
The tendency of an object to resist changes to its state of motion.
What is inertia?
The rate of change of velocity.
What is acceleration?
Inertia is passive; objects don't have a force to resist motion.
What is inertia?
How do you plan an experiment to show how net force affects speed?
Identify variables (constant mass, varying net force), use tools (timer, cart), and collect evidence (speed measurements).
The force that attracts two bodies towards each other based on their masses.
What is gravity?
Mass is measured using a balance or scale.
How is mass measured?
The product of an object's mass and velocity.
What is momentum?
Net force determines the motion of an object.
What is the importance of net force?
Qualitatively, how does a perpendicular force change an object's path?
It changes direction without affecting speed in the original path.