Proteins
What is a protein functional group that contains a carbon atom?
A carboxyl group
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the term for an organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait?
Heterozygous
TRUE OR FALSE: The amygdala processes emotions
TRUE
How many levels of protein structure are there?
Four -- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
hydrophilic proteins are attracted to water, while hydrophobic proteins repel water
What is the term for the allele that is not expressed in a heterozygous individual, but can be expressed if both alleles are the same?
Recessive Allele
What are the 4 DNA Bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cystosine
What causes two protons to repel?
The electric field between them
Amino Acids
What is the difference between a competitive and non competitive inhibitor?
A competitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site of an enzyme, while a non-competitive inhibitor binds elsewhere on the enzyme, altering its activity without competing for the active site.
What is the mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein, often because the new codon codes for the same amino acid as the original?
Silent Mutation
What is the mutation that occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by another in the DNA sequence, which may or may not affect the protein produced?
Subsitution
What is Guass's Law used for?
It helps us find the electric field created by symmetrical charges, like spheres or cylinders
What is the only difference between any two amino acids?
There R-Group
What is the process by which a protein loses its shape and function due to factors like heat, pH, or chemicals?
What is the term for a type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic diversity?
Founder Effect
What is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA?
Translation
Fight or Flight Reactions
What is the process by which amino acids are linked together to form a protein?
Protein Synthesis
What is the protein structure level that involves the folding of the polypeptide chain into an alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet?
Secondary Structure
What is the term for a type of genetic drift that occurs after a dramatic reduction in population size, where the surviving population has a different genetic makeup than the original population?
Bottleneck Effect
What is the principle that states that each organism has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation?
Law of Segregation
What is the first stage in synaptic neurotransmission?
Action Potential
What is the term for a protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process?
Enzyme