Nature of Science
1. The part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is the ___________.
1. Constants
1. Universal ______ of Gravitation: any 2 objects have a force of gravity between them.
Tells us WHAT happens when 2 objects are near each other.
1. Law
1. Which two systems work together to maintain homeostasis while transporting oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide?
1. Circulatory and Respiratory
What causes the seasons to change throughout the year?
The tilt of the Earth on its axis
Define the difference between an element, compound, and mixture.
Elements: Made up of only ONE type of atom
Compounds: 2 or more elements chemically BONDED
Mixtures: two or more pure substances that are mixed but not bonded. (Can be physically separated)
1. The variable that is changed on purpose or one that is being TESTED is:
2. Variable that is the OUTCOME of the experiment. We get data and results from this.
1. Independent
2. Dependent
2. What do they tell us?
3. What can happen to them over time?
1. Scientific Theories are based on experimental data and evidence.
2. Scientific Theories are developed because of experiments and data, so we are able to understand WHY something is happening. Theories explain WHY.
3. Theories can develop or be modified over time. This is due to new evidence and technology.
The recipe for photsynthesis AND the products it creates
1. Light, water, carbon dioxide
2. glucose and oxygen
1. Two factors that affect gravity are:
Mass and Distance
Name the 3 subatomic particles and their charge
protons, neutrons, electrons
positive, no charge, negative
Mr. Smith sets up an experiment to see how toy cars with different masses affect the distance they roll down a ramp.
Identify the independent, dependent, and one constant.
IV: Cars with different masses
DV: Distance
Constant: type of car, tires, same ramp.
Scientists frequently repeat the experiments of other scientists. Why is this important in science?
It helps verify and confirm results. (More accurate and Valid)
Organization of Life - Hierarchical Order - From smallest to largest.
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.
1. Rock formed by heat and pressure:
2. Rock Formed by weathering, erosion, compaction & cementation:
3. Rock formed by melting and cooling:
1. Metamorphic Rock
2. Sedimentary Rock
3. Igneous Rock
After a chemical reaction occurs in an open test tube, measurements indicate that the mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products remaining in the test tube. What most likely explains the measurements?
A gas was produced.
A scientist hypothesizes the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will be male or female.
List the Independent, dependent, and one constant.
IV: Temperature
DV: Number of Male or Female alligators
Constant: Type of alligators, other incubation conditions.
Bobby conducts an experiment to test if a new type of shoe helps track runners run faster. He has five runners run three times with their old shoes and three times with the new shoes.
Repetition or Replication?
Repetition (it does not say he obtained his procedures from someone else)
1. Which organelle is the center of the cell and contains DNA?
2. Which organelle produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions? Cellular Respiration
3. Which organelle captures sunlight and uses it to make food in plant cells? Photosynthesis
1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Chloroplast
1. Continental Volcanic Mountains are associated with what type of plate boundary?
2. What results when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates?
1. Oceanic - Continental Convergent
2. Seafloor Spreading
What could indicate that a chemical change has taken place?
Change in temperature, color change, odor produced, heat produced... etc.
Jennifer wanted to study the effect of sunlight on plant growth. So she decided to expose 10 identical plants to various amounts of sunlight each day (2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours). After one month, she measured the weight of the plants.
What were the independent variable, dependent, constant, and control group? Label a graph to show X and Y.
IV: Various amounts of sunlight (X)
ID: Plant growth (Y)
Constant: same plant, watering, soil, type of light.
Control group: Plant kept at normal conditions
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. One person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. The person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music.
Identify IV, DV, Constant, and Control group. What is the Hypothesis?
IV: Type of music
DV: Pulse rate
Constant: Same volume
Control group: Person under normal conditions. No music
Hypothesis: Does the type of music affect pulse rate?
1. The 8 levels of classification, most general to most specific.
2. The scientific name for an organism is made from the: ____________ and _____________ name.
1. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
2. Genus and Species
1. A ______________ tide occurs when the sun is at right angles to the line between Earth and the moon.
2. A ___________ tide occurs when the sun, Earth, and the moon are nearly in a line.
1. Neap Tide
2. Spring Tide
Describe the speed of sound and light through different mediums:
Sound travels fastest through Solid, liquid, then gases.
Light (EM Waves) travel fastest through a vacuum, gases, liquid, then solid.