Research Basics
This type of interview was used with all 17 participants
semi-structured interviews
This term describes how race and sexuality combine to shape experiences.
Intersectionality
Participants often felt excluded on these digital platforms for dating and hookups
dating apps
Participants sometimes built friendships and networks with others who shared this identity
Vietnamese American
The authors argue that sexual racism results from the intersection of race and this identity dimension
sexuality
This U.S. region is where all the men in the study lived.
Southern California
This theory explains how minority groups face stress because of discrimination
minority stress theory
Some men were stereotyped as being too “submissive,” which relates to assumptions about this trait.
masculinity
Some men created support through these kinds of friend groups within the gay Asian community
social circles
The article notes that stereotypes about Asian men stem from this long-standing structure in the U.S.
racial hierarchy or racial order
Participants in the study all shared this ethnic background
Vietnamese American
The authors describe a paradox where Vietnamese American men are seen as either invisible or fetishized.
racial paradox of gay desire
Some participants felt this type of racism when they were ignored by potential partners
sexual racism
This action involves pushing back against stereotypes and exclusion
resistance
Participants’ experiences show that desire is influenced not only by personal taste but by this cultural force
social conditioning
The article was published in this academic field’s journal
Sociology
This concept describes how social hierarchies shape who is seen as desirable.
racialized desire
Some men reported this opposite experience, where they were overly desired because of their race.
fetishization
Participants sometimes formed bonds not just with Vietnamese Americans but with other Asian groups, showing this type of solidarity
pan-Asian solidarity
The authors imply that exclusion on dating apps is not accidental but reflects this broader pattern in society.
systemic racism
Including first and last page numbers, the article is this many pages long.
20 pages
The article uses this sociological idea to argue that Asian men’s experiences in gay spaces are shaped by broader U.S. racial systems.
racial hierarchy
Participants described subtle cues and coded language that revealed racial bias. These are known as this type of discrimination
microaggressions
When participants made new communities to feel understood and accepted, the authors called this strategy what
community-building
The article contributes to debates showing that marginalized groups are not just passive but also actively respond. This is an example of what
agency