DNA Replication
which is more reactive, RNA or DNA?
RNA
what is the purpose of dna transcription
to go from the language of Nucleic Acids (base pairs) to the language of polypeptides (Amino Acids)
where does translation occur?
in the cytoplasm
what did Frederick Griffith do?
Injected mice with 4 types of bacteria
1. harmless bacteria (mice lived)
2. live, disease-causing (mice died)
3. heat-killed (mice lived)
4. both harmless AND heat-killed (mice died)
DNA contains the blueprints for making what molecules?
Proteins
_________ proteins must possess a 2 fold axis of symmetry.
DNA binding proteins
where does transcription occur?
in the nucleus
what is a polypeptide chain?
A long chain of amino acids that form a protein molecule.
what did oswald avery do?
Furthered Griffith's research - wanted to find out what it was in the heat-killed bacteria that was passed on to the live bacteria.
How is information carried in a DNA molecule?
The sequence of nitrogen bases
________ enzymes unwind the DNA.
Helicase enzymes
What are the 3 steps of transcription?
1.Initiation
2.Elongation
3.Termination
what is a codon?
This is a three letter sequence on mRNA. Each of these codes for one amino acid.
Importance of Hershey & Chase and Avery's discoveries?
DNA is the genetic material found in all living cells
DNA molecules take what shape?
double helix
Helicase enzymes are _____ dependent.
ATP
What does transcription produce?
codons
what is the first step of Translation?
The mRNA brings the message to the ribosome.
4 nitrogenous bases?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
What bases pair up between complimentary nucleotides?
A with T
G with C
DNA synthesis is catalyzed by a large muti-enzyme complex known as?
DNA polymerase
number of Amino Acids?
20
what is the last step of Translation?
Amino acid chain is released by the ribosome to make the new protein.
what did Watson & Crick do?
Used Franklin's photo 51 to build the 3-D model of DNA
What holds the strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds