Anatomy & Physiology
This organ produces bile, important for digestion, and is located in the right upper quadrant.
What is the liver?
This life-threatening GI disorder is associated with pneumatosis intestinalis on X-ray.
What is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
The recommended initial feeding for most stable neonates in the NICU.
What is breast milk or formula?
This medication neutralizes gastric acid and is often used for reflux.
What are antacids (e.g., ranitidine or famotidine)?
This imaging technique is the first-line tool to evaluate abdominal distension in neonates.
What is abdominal X-ray?
The small intestine consists of these three segments.
What are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?
A passage of meconium before birth is most commonly caused by this condition.
What is fetal distress/hypoxia?
This condition requires the use of parenteral nutrition due to inability to tolerate enteral feeds.
What is short bowel syndrome?
This antibiotic is commonly given to neonates suspected of NEC.
What is metronidazole?
“Double bubble” sign on abdominal X-ray indicates this GI abnormality.
What is duodenal atresia?
In neonates, this process helps prevent aspiration during swallowing.
What is the sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination?
This GI malformation in neonates presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting.
What is pyloric stenosis?
This mineral is often supplemented in preterm infants due to low stores.
What is iron?
This medication stimulates motility and is used for delayed gastric emptying.
What is erythromycin?
This finding on X-ray is classic for NEC.
What is pneumatosis intestinalis?
The lower esophageal sphincter in preemies is often immature, predisposing to this condition.
What is gastroesophageal reflux?
Failure to pass meconium in the first 48 hours may indicate this congenital disease.
What is Hirschsprung’s disease?
Thickened feeds are sometimes used for this GI complaint in the NICU.
What is reflux/regurgitation?
Treatment for severe cases of NEC often involves this surgical procedure.
What is bowel resection?
This diagnostic procedure can confirm Hirschsprung’s disease.
What is rectal biopsy?
This structure divides the esophagus from the stomach.
What is the gastroesophageal junction?
This occurs when bowel twists around itself, causing ischemia. Classic sign: “double bubble” on X-ray.
What is volvulus?
A condition where milk leaks from the stomach into the esophagus, leading to potential aspiration.
What is gastroesophageal reflux?
This medication reduces gastric acid secretion by inhibiting proton pumps.
What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (e.g., omeprazole)?
Ultrasonography is best for diagnosing this common cause of vomiting in neonates.
What is pyloric stenosis?