Basic Anatomy
The primary function of filtering blood and producing urine occurs in this microscopic unit of the kidney
What is the nephron
Most common form of Acute Kidney Injury in neonates
What is prerenal AKI
This acronym represents congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract
What is CAKUT
Normal urine output range for term neonates
what is 1-3 mL/kg/hour
First-line treatment for prerenal AKI
What is fluid resuscitaiton
Name these three main regions of the kidney from outer to inner
What are the cortex, medulla, and renal sinus
Three classifications of Acute Kidney Injury
What are prerenal, intrinsic (intrarenal), and postrenal
Classical facial features and pulmonary findings in Potter's sequence
What are flattened nose, low-set ears, and pulmonary hypoplasia
Expected timing of first void in healthy term newborns
What is within 24 hours of birth
Considered for unilateral Renal Vein Thrombosis
What is anticoagulation therapy
These three factors most significantly affect renal blood flow in neonates
What are systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, and renal vascular resistance
Threse three factors put a neonate at highest risk for AKI
What are prematurity, sepsis, and nephrotoxic medications
Most common cause of hydronephrosis in male infants
What are posterior urethral valves
Three early signs of fluid overload in neonates
What are periorbital edema, respriatory distress, and decreased urine output
Preferred type of dialysis for neonates
What is peritoneal dialysis
This measurement of kidney function is normally 1/10th of adult values in newborns
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
These lab values indicate AKI in a neonate
What are elevated creatinine (>0.3 mg/dL increase), decreased urine output (<1mL/kg/hr), and elevated BUN
Initial management steps for posterior urethral valves
What are bladder catheterization, antibiotic prophylaxis, and surgical planning
Critical potassium level requiring immediate intervention
What is >7.0 mEq/L
These medications require dose adjustment in renal failure
What are aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and acyclovir
List these nephron components in correct order of filtration
What are Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct
Three absolute indications for dialysis in neonatal AKI
What are severe electrolyte imbalance, uremia, and fluid overload unresponsive to medical management.
Signs and symptoms of renal vein thrombosis
What are hematuria, flank mass, and thrombocytopenia
Three absolute indications for emergency renal ultrasound
What are anuria >24 hours, palpable kidney mass, and severe thrombocytopenia
Complications of peritoneal dialysis in neonates
peritonitis, catheter malfunction, and fluid/electroltyte imbalances