Cardiac
This is caused by acute blood loss due to Placental abruption, cord tethering, uterine rupture, placental insufficiency, knot in the cord, prolapsed cord
What is Hypovolemic shock?
Tachypnea, mild increased work of breathing, does not require supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 saturations with in normal limits
What is mild RDS?
Infants may exhibit this as a reaction to maternal medications or substance use
What is NOWS/NAS?
The temperature range in which the neonate is using the least amount of oxygen consumption and has reduced metabolic needs.
What is Neutral thermal environment?
An infant that has restricted growth due to a pathologic process in the perinatal period. The infant has not grown at the expected in utero rate for length, weight, or OFC.
What is IUGR?
These adaptations happen immediately after birth, that allows the infant to transition successfully to the extra uterine life. Failure in any of this transitioning mechanism results in undesired outcomes for the infant and the family
Closing of foramen Ovale and ductus arteriosus,
Pulmonary pressure drops
Systemic pressure raises,
Umbilical vessels start to shrink
Tachypnea, at least one sign of increased work of breathing, requires minimal FiO2 to maintain SpO2 saturations
What is moderate RDS?
LGA infant born to mom who has uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy is more prone this.
What is Birth trauma?
Process in which heat transfer from water vaporization from the skin.
What is evaporation?
To prevent this - Dry and remove wet linens, plastic bag, thermal mattress
These are essential for appropriate transition to extrauterine life. Even though the production starts early on, Only in the 3rd trimester and especially the last 4 weeks of pregnancy are stores need for survival produced in adequate amounts in the organs.
What is
Lungs - Surfactant,
Liver - glycogen
Thermoregulation - brown fat ?
These initial steps/actions stimulates the cardiopulmonary changes in a newborn.
What is Respirations and clamping of the cord?
Increased work of breathing and difficulty maintaining SpO2 despite supplemental oxygen
What is severe RDS?
This condition may cause macrosomia (weight greater than 4000 grams) which may cause shoulder dystocia and birth trauma, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and potential congenital malformations such as open spina bifida, anencephaly, transposition of the great vessels, and ventricular septal defects.
What is Gestational Diabetes?
This is common in preterm infants, those who have congenital anomalies where internal organs are exposed, infants who are stressed or compromised during labor , and neurogenic disorders (hypothalamus)
What is Hypothermia?
This organ is responsible for gas exchange in utero
Placenta
This simple screening for neonates is done close to their discharge. This allows healthcare team to determine if there is any cardiac conditions.
What is CCHD screening?
Increased work of breathing can be retractions, grunting and nasal flaring. May see asymmetrical chest movement may be caused by excessive pressure during bag and mask ventilation
What is pneumothorax?
Fetal outcomes are due to placental insufficiency from vasoconstriction which can cause growth restriction, low birth weight, abruption that can lead to hypoxia, and preterm birth.
What is maternal Hypertension?
During this - heat transfer due to air currents or drafts.
What is Convection?
Prevent draft, wrap infants if possible, adequate room temperature, O2 should be heated and humidified
Absent baseline variability and any of the following : recurrent late decelerations, recurrent variable decelerations,bradycardia, and a sinusoidal pattern
What is Category III FHR strip?
A failure to transition from a state of high pulmonary blood pressure in utero to a normal systemic blood pressure may result in this condition in neonates that can be critical
What is Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension (PPHN)?
The production of this starts around 20 weeks gestation and continues to increase with GA and by approximately 34 weeks infants may have sufficient amount to support extra uterine life.
What is Surfactant?
An infection of the chorion, amnion, and amniotic fluid
What is Chorioamnionitis?
This is very important feature for thermoregulation in neonates. This feature develops in the last few weeks of pregnancy. Neonates use this to generate heat. Pre term babies do not have this.
What is brown fat?
The fetal heart rate is either bradycardia not accompanied by absent baseline variability or tachycardia; the variability is either minimal, absent not accompanied by recurrent decelerations, or there is marked baseline variability;
what is Category II fetal heart rate?