The Truth is Out There
This myth claims that today, in what is now canada, all canadians and Indigenous peoples begin on equal footing. (Vowel, 2016, Ch. 6)
What is the myth of the “level playing field”?
Who are Inuit peoples?
This term groups Inuit, First Nations, and Métis Peoples under a single category, despite each of these groups containing many distinct Nations with their own unique cultural practices, traditions, and languages.
What is the homogenizing use of the term “Aboriginal”?
We will also accept
What is the term "Aboriginal"?
The "RCAP" is an acronym that stands for what?
What is the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples?
The RCAP proposes a major shift in restructuring the governance of these types of agreements, in order to ensure equitable sharing of natural resources.
What are land agreements?
The harmful stereotype that Indigenous spiritual practices were 'primitive' or dangerous, was used to justify banning this type of gathering under the indian act of 1895.
DAILY DOUBLE amount of points for getting specific!
What is ceremony?
OR
What are Powwows?
The 1895 amendment prohibits the celebration of “any Indian festival, dance or other ceremony.
DAILY DOUBLE
What is Potlatch?
What is the Sundance/Thirst Dance?
What is the Ghost Dance?
The RCAP's report Volume 1 found that for decades, this piece of government policy served as a tool to justify unilateral federal authority over Indigenous status, governance, and land, all under the guise of 'protection'.
What is the indian act?
Versions of treaties that were written by settlers were treated as superior to Indigenous treaty agreements due to this colonial legal bias.
What is bias against oral tradition?
OR
What is bias toward written documentation?
This notable political figure is a member of Dene Nation, held the title of National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations from 1985 until 1991, which was the year he also co-chaired the RCAP.
Who is Georges Erasmus?
One recommendation of the RCAP's reports involves the transformation of treaties to better reflect Indigenous perspectives and practices for upholding treaty agreements, this essential quality would prevent treaty agreements from the fate of becoming merely "historical artifacts". (Vowel, 2016, Ch.25)
What is a renewable and/or living treaty agreement?
The indian act relied on the misconception that Indigenous peoples were “wards of the state” who could not manage land, finances, or decision-making without oversight, essentially incapable of this process by which a person controls their own life.
What is self-determination?
This outdated concept attempts to measure "how Indigenous" a person is biologically, and was used to exclude and displace members of Indigenous Nations from their communities.
What is blood quantum?
This colonial belief claimed Indigenous societies were "primitive" and needed guidance, and was used to justify the government's forced assimilation of Indigenous children through the residential school system.
What is the "civilizing mission"?
OR
What is "the white man's burden"?
A key event leading to the creation of the RCAP, this 78-day violent standoff over disputed traditional territorial land claims took place in the community of Kanesatake in 1990.
What is the Oka Crisis?
OR
What is the Kanesatake Resistance?
In order to support collective healing, the RCAP recommends the creation and funding of a national archive and educational center to house the records that remain from this government sanctioned forced relocation program.
What is the residential school system?
Despite evidence to the contrary, the government assumed Indigenous economies were unsophisticated, ignoring these complex systems that existed across the continent pre-colonization.
What are trade networks?
Government forced relocation programs, coined as "centralization" policies, were framed as helpful interventions for communities of Indigenous peoples. The RCAP reports show that the reality was enforced control, reduced self-sufficiency, severed land ties, and cultural disruption. Forced relocation was a major source of cultural trauma for this east coast Indigenous Nation, who's traditional territory includes what is now Nova Scotia.
Who are the Mi'kmaq?
This doctrine was often used to justify that European settlers had a legal right to claim the lands that they had 'found', and that this erased any Indigenous title and governance over that land.
What is the doctrine of discovery?
Delivered in 1996, the RCAP Final Report contained this many total recommendations.
What is 444?
To restore balance and justice, RCAP calls on governments to shift away from unilateral decision-making and instead build policy through Indigenous participation and mutual agreement. The democratic practice of mutual agreement is also known as this.
What is consensus?
Canadian authorities long insisted that treaties were simply land 'surrenders,' ignoring the foundational truth understood by Indigenous nations that treaties are nation-to-nation agreements based on this principle.
What is mutual benefit and/or coexistence?
What is the concept that we are all treaty people?
This assimilation policy stripped Indigenous women of their status if they married non-status men, a state strategy to reduce the number of status 'indians' over time.
What is enfranchisement under the indian act?
This legal doctrine was used to justify that colonizing forces had the right to claim land by asserting that Indigenous peoples were supposedly, 'not using it properly'.
What is the doctrine of terra nullius?
This numbered Volume of the RCAP's reports was titled "Gathering Strength".
What is Volume 3?
To support Indigenous governance, RCAP called for a massive transfer of lands and resources to be restored foe Indigenous control—equivalent to this percentage of Canada’s total land base.
What is approximately 1% of Canada’s land base?