Prompt like a Pro
What is the most intrusive prompt in ABA?
A. Hover Prompt
B. Hand-Over-Hand
C. Partial Physical
D. Model
B. Hand-Over-Hand
AKA: Full Physical Prompts
True or False: The antecedent is always a demand.
False
An antecedent is anything observable that happens immediately before a behavior. A demand is just one example of an antecedent. It could also include things like a toy being removed, a peer walking away, the lights turning off, or a loud noise. These are all measurable events you can see or hear. We focus on what we can objectively observe and describe when identifying antecedents.
Jake yelled when he wanted music turned off and his parents would turn it off. One day, his parents decided to ignore the yelling. Jake's yelling initially increased then decreased over the next couple days as they continued to ignore. What occurred?
Extinction Burst
What does “differential reinforcement” involve?
A. Reinforcing all behaviors equally
B. Reinforcing a specific behavior while placing others on extinction
C. Providing reinforcement only at random intervals
D. Giving reinforcement and punishment at the same time
B
Differential reinforcement means reinforcing the behavior you want to see and not reinforcing the problem behavior.
Frequency recording would be appropriate to use for which behavior?
A. Crying
B. Hitting
C. Pacing around the Room
D. Number of words used in a session
B Hitting
Which prompting strategy starts with the most intrusive prompt and gradually fades to less intrusive prompts as the client becomes more independent?
A. Least-to-most prompting
B. Prompt fading
C. Most-to-least prompting
D. Time delay prompting
C
Most-to-least prompting starts with the most intrusive prompt (like full physical) and fades to less intrusive prompts (like verbal or gestural) as the client shows more independence. It helps prevent errors early on and gives the client to reinforcement.
A client throws items when asked to clean up and transition to a new activity. What is the most likely function of this behavior?
Escape
The client is likely trying to avoid/delay the task of cleaning up and transitioning by displaying throwing behavior.
Which of the following best demonstrates a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
A. A child is praised after washing hands
B. The sound of a timer signals cleanup time, and the child begins cleaning
C. A child engages in tantrums when denied a snack
D. The therapist withholds attention after a behavior
B
An SD signals that reinforcement is available for a specific behavior.
Which of the following is the best example of generalization?
A. A child requests juice only at home
B. A child learns to clap during circle time
C. A child uses “help please” across school, home, and community
D. A child stops tantrumming after reinforcement is withheld
C
Generalization involves a skill being used across multiple settings or people.
Which data collection method is most appropriate for capturing the total time a client engages in a tantrum?
A. Frequency recording
B. Partial interval recording
C. Duration recording
D. Whole interval recording
C
Duration recording measures the total amount of time the behavior lasts.
Hand over Hand, gestural, partial physical are all what kind of prompts?
A. Prompts
B. Generalization Prompts
C. Response Prompts
D. Intrusive Prompts
C. Response Prompts
What are 2 parts of an FBA?
1 indirect assessment
2 direct assessment (descriptive)
A student cries every time you begin packing up an activity. What might you try first?
A. Ignore the behavior
B. Provide a visual schedule with warnings for transitions
C. Increase task difficulty
D. Allow the child to choose their own activity every time
B
Provide a visual schedule with warnings for transitions
What is an “extinction burst”?
- A temporary increase in frequency, intensity, or duration of a previously reinforced behavior
- Happens because the behavior used to be reinforced, and the client trying harder to get the same result.
You want to measure the latency of a response. What are you recording?
A. How long the behavior lasts
B. How often the behavior occurs
C. The time between the instruction and the start of the behavior
D. The time between behaviors
C
Latency is the time between a given instruction (SD) and when the behavior actually starts. It helps measure how quickly someone responds to a prompt or demand.
Program: Intraverbal – Function of an Item
Target SD: “What do you wear on your feet?”
Error Correction Procedure: Least-to-most, starting with a partial verbal prompt
Scenario:
The BT states, "What do you wear on your feet?". The client responds, “Hat.”
The BT follows the error correction procedure, starting with a partial verbal prompt, and the client does not respond. The BT gives a verbal prompt, and the client then responds correctly with, “Shoes.”
How should this scenario be tracked?
A. I (independent)
B. ER, V, ER, V
C. ER, V, ER, PV, I
D. ER, PV, ER, V
D
Which of the following is the best example of objective and complete ABC data?
A. Client was upset, refused to clean, and got a break.
B. Therapist told client to clean up; client was mad and said “no”; therapist repeated the instruction.
C. Client became frustrated after losing a game and was comforted by staff.
D. Therapist asked client to transition; client dropped to the floor and screamed; therapist redirected client verbally.
D
Your client starts eloping when denied access to a preferred toy. What is the most function-based intervention?
A. Ignore the eloping
B. Physically block the client from leaving
C. Teach a communication response like “Can I have that when I’m done?”
D. Provide the toy if they stop eloping
C
Functional Communication Training (FCT) teaches an appropriate alternative behavior that meets the same need.
Which of the following reflects stimulus generalization?
A. A child only responds when a specific therapist delivers the SD
B. A child says “dog” when seeing a golden retriever, then also says “dog” when seeing a poodle
C. A child uses a picture exchange to request food but not toys
D. A child stops responding once reinforcement is thinned
B
Stimulus generalization occurs when a response occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the original SD.
B
Stimulus generalization occurs when a response occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the original SD.
If a Behavior Technician measured the length of time that it took Andrew to respond to someone calling him, she would be measuring the:
A. Duration
B. Latency
C. Frequency
D. Magnitude
B. Latency
Latency is the time between the presentation of the SD and the start of a response
Transfers stimulus control to the natural stimulus by delaying the presentation of the prompt after that natural stimulus has been presented.
Prompt Delay
A client begins humming loudly during reading group. When redirected, they become louder. If ignored, the behavior continues briefly before stopping. When given independent reading time, the humming does not occur. Based on this pattern, identify the most likely function of behavior.
Attention
Mary is taking data on screaming. She has a timer. Each time the timer goes off, she indicates whether josh was screaming for the entire interval of not. What kind of data is she taking?
Whole Interval Data
In a DRO, you reinforce:
A. All behaviors noncontingently
B. All behaviors other than the behavior targeted for reduction
C. An incompatible behavior
D. More appropriate alternative behaviors
B. All behaviors other than the behavior targeted for reduction
KH names 3 community helpers after the SD is stated, "Tell me 3 community helpers". However, he states the same community helpers as he did the previous time the program was ran. The BT states, "Tell me three more community helpers!". KH states 3 different kinds of community helpers and receives reinforcement. How would you track this??
Independent