Vocabulary
to make something on a large scale
manufacture
Which section of the country was known for their diverse landscapes, including rocky soil and thick forests.
North
The North’s economy was rapidly doing this, with factories emerging in urban centers.
Industrializing.
This Northern innovation connected farms on the central plains with cities on the east coast via an all-water route. (Proper Noun)
The Erie Canal.
This process led to the growth of cities and a more diverse population in the North.
Urbanization.
a tax on imported goods
Made the Southern states ideal for farming.
Flat terrain with fertile soil.
This invention increased the demand for cotton and slave labor in the South.
The cotton gin.
By 1840, this became the biggest business in the North.
Railroads.
Many immigrants from these two countries came to the North in search of jobs.
Ireland and Germany.
the act of officially ending a particular system or practice
abolition
Name two crops that thrived in the damp lowlands of the South.
Rice and sugarcane.
The Southern economy relied heavily on this, particularly cotton cultivation.
Agriculture.
The South primarily relied on these for transportation due to a lack of railroad connections.
Waterways (or rivers).
This institution was a defining feature of Southern society.
Slavery.
Someone who purchases goods and/or services
consumer
Describe the four seasons experienced in the Northern states.
Cold, harsh winters and mild summers.
These fueled the North’s industrial growth.
A large immigrant workforce OR abundant natural resources like coal and iron ore OR fast-moving streams.
This major Southern city, located at the mouth of the Mississippi River, was a key trading port.
New Orleans.
Describe the social hierarchy in the South.
Wealthy plantation owners, followed by poorer white farmers and workers, and then African American slaves.
a system in which people/groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority
Explain how the geography of the North and South led to varying economic activities in each region.
The North’s diverse geography led to industrialization, while the South’s fertile land led to agriculture.
Describe the plantation system and its role in the Southern economy.
Large farms that specialize in growing one type of crop, like cotton, and were sold to the North and exported to European markets.
Contrast the number of railroad miles in the North and the South by 1860.
20,000 miles in the North and 10,000 miles in the South.
Explain why the South had little incentive to make economic or political progress.
As long as the slave economy could be preserved.