form
Please respond the form of wh-clauses and give out one example
Main clause+wh-clause
eg. He wondered what she was wearing.
Wh- and if/whether clauses often follow these expressions of _______. (hint: I'm not sure why she left.)
Uncertainty.
when the mental activity verb is in the present tense, the verb in the main clause can be in the ___,___, or ___.
wh-clauses are also called indirectand embedded questions
true
I wonder what_______(the teacher/say) today.
I wonder what the teacher said today.
Please give out the form of that clause and two examples of it.
Main clause+that clause
eg.I think (that) he called.
Did they doubt (that) he would call?
Wh- and if/whether clauses often follow _________ verbs.(hint: these sentences frequently express uncertainty, curiosity, decisions)
Please give out five examples of these verbs.
Mental activity verbs.
eg. Consider, figure out, guess, learn, realize.
When the mental activity verb is in the past, the verb in the noun clause usually takes a ____ form to express the speaker's ____perspective.
past, past
"or not"can immedietely follow "if"
false,it can immdietely follow "whether"
Do you know where________(Jack/go)after dinner?
Do you know where Jack went after dinner?
Please give out the form of if/whether clauses and two examples for each.
Main clause+ if/whether clause
eg.I wonder if he left (or not).
I don't know if he's still here (or not).
Can you tell me whether he arrived (or not)?
Can you tell me whether (or not) he arrived?
Using Wh- or if/whether clauses to express which kind of questions that can sound more polite than Wh-questions or yes or no questions? Please give out example of this type of questions.
Indirect questions
Can you (please) tell me when the train arrives?
When the mental activity verb is in the past, and you want to refer to and earlier past time, use the _______in the noun clause.
past perfect
Both wh-clauses and If/Whether clauses that follow mental activity verbs(e.g.wonder) frequently express uncertainty
true
Can you tell me if_______(the milk/fresh)?
Can you tell me if the ilf is fresh?
Please give out other names of wh-clauses and the order that it uses.
Wh-clauses are sometimes called indirect questions or embedded questions. Although wh-clauses begin with wh-words, they use statement word order.
Please list five examples that can begin an indirect question.
Do you know...?
Can/Could you tell me...?
Can you remember...?
Could you explain...?
I wonder/was wondering...
When the mental activity verb is in the past, and you want to refer to a time that follows the past time, use __________________in the noun clause.
was/were going to or would
Edit:I don't know where is he.
I don't know where he is.
Do you know how long_______(it/last)?
Do you know how long it lasts?
Please give out two rules of adding or not to the if/whether clauses and give out examples of each.
Or not can be added to the end of if/wh clauses if the clauses are not very long.
eg. I wonder whether/if she left or not.
Or not can also immediately follow whether, but it can't follow if.eg.✅ I wonder whether or not she left.
❎ I wonder if or not she left.
Please explain two differences between if and whether clauses.
1.If and weather have the same meaning when they begin noun clauses. They are both found in informal situations, but whether is probably more common in formal situations.
eg. I don't know if she's at home. I don't know whether she's at home.
2.We often add or not to if/whether clauses if the clauses are not very long. In if clauses, or not goes at the end of the clause. In whether clauses, or not can appear in two positions.
eg.I don't know if she's at home or not. I don't know whether or not she's at home.
list two exceptions to tense agreement rules.
If a noun clause is a generalization that is true at the present, the present tense can be used in the noun clause instead of the past tense.
eg.Columbus believed that the world is around.
If a past mental activity took place quickly, the present, past or future tense can be used in the noun clause. Spontaneous mental activity verbs include decide, discover, figure out, forget, find out, learn, notice, prove, realize, recall and remember.
eg. Last night, I realized (that) my report is/was/will be too long.
Edit:I need to message him, but I don't know what his wechat.
I need to message him, but I don't know what his wechat is.
I don't know whether________(it/rain)or not.
I don't know whether it will rain/rained or not.