Chemistry of Life
basic building blocks of all matter
atoms p37
any substance composed of just one atom
element p38
the variety of atoms of the same element are called ___________ these are all identical except the number of this atomic particle ___________
isotopes
neutrons
p40
the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on shells of valence electrons are especially stable with 8 electrons in the outer shell, this is called
octet rule p44
partial charges on one molecule are attracted to the opposite partial charge on nearby molecules, commonly formed in hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or flourine
hydrogen bonding p 46
the two major types of chemical bonds are:
the three subatomic particles that compose an atom
protons neutrons electrons p38
total of all of the protons and neutrons in the most common isotope of an element
mass number p40
t/f
elemental chlorine is a toxic gas
true p 43
fleeting interactions between moderately polar or nonpolar molecules
van der Walls forces p46
when atoms are chemically bonded together they form:
molecules p37
what are the charges of the three subatomic particles
protons positive
neutrons neutral
electrons negative
the half life of c14 is ___________ and we can use this for _____________
5730 years
dating dead organism
p42
tendency for molecules of the same kind to stick together
cohesion
electrons are transferred in this type of bond and they are held together by an electrostatic interaction
ionic bond p 46
these bonds hold atoms together by sharing electrons
covalent p 37
valence p40
measuring the ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 in a dead sample or fossil and comparing that to a sample of the isotope ratio in the atmosphere is a process called
radiocarbon dating p42
the surface of water molecules has a resistance to being broken known as
surface tension p 50
when two atoms share pairs of electrons unequally
polar covalent bond p 46
these bonds hold atoms together by transferring electrons
ionic p 37
the identity of an atom is determined by:
the number of protons in the nucleus p40
an atom that has gained or lost electrons and has aquired a net negative or positive charge
ion p42
water's tendency to stick to other substances or objects
adhesion p 59
when 2 atoms equally share one or more electrons, usually resulting in molecules
covalent bonds p 46