Radiology
What is the required PPE when taking radiographs?
Lead gown, thyroid shield, dosimetry badge
What is a common gastrointestinal antibiotic that a DVM will prescribe for Giardia?
Metronidazole
What is the key to successful management of a critically ill patient?
Anticipation, not reaction, is the key to successful management of critically ill animals.
When suspecting a UTI, what is the best way to collect a urine sample?
Cystocentesis- avoids contamination from the external urinary tract
How many kg is a 35lb dog?
15.9kg
35lbs divided by 2.2 = 15.9kg
What does "ALARA" stand for when referring to Radiology safety.
ALARA stands for “as low as reasonably achievable”.
The guiding principle of radiation safety is “ALARA”. ALARA means avoiding exposure to radiation that does not have a direct benefit to you, even if the dose is small.
What type of medication is Levetiracetam & is blood work required for long term use?
an anticonvulsant (AKA Keppra)
NO blood work is required for refills
How long can a peripheral IV catheter stay in?
72 hours
For the best test results, the sample can be between 2-4 hours old. The fresher the better!
How much Adequan would a 175lb Mastiff be administered?
3.5mL
175lbs multiplied by 2, then divided by 100 = 3.5mL
Are thoracic radiographs taken on full inspiration or full expiration?
Full inspiration
What are the differences between thyroxine & methimazole?
Thyroxine- typically prescribed to DOGS for HYPOthyroidism. Requires annual bloodwork- blood has to be drawn 4-6 hours after morning pill.
Methimazole- typically prescribed to CATS for HYPERthyroidism. Requires annual BW- blood drawn anytime after patient taking meds consistently for 4 weeks.
What are common signs of a patient becoming fluid overloaded? Either due to disease or IV fluid therapy
What is a urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio testing for?
The urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio is a test that measures how much protein is being lost through the kidneys.
42 tablets total
1.5 tablets twice daily = 3 tablets per day
3 tablets per day x 14 days = 42 tablets
What are the anatomical landmarks for a lateral abdominal radiograph?
Cranial- Xiphoid process, including the diaphragm
Caudal- Greater trochanter of the femur where it connects to pelvis
What is the difference between Famotidine & Omeprazole?
Famotidine is an H2 blocker that works by decreasing the amount of acid made in the stomach.
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Proton pumps are present in the lining of the stomach and produce acid to digest food. Omeprazole inhibits these pumps reducing the amount of acid the stomach makes. (STRONGER THAN FAMOTIDINE)
How often should lateral recumbent patients be rotated and why?
Recumbent patients should be turned from one side to the other every 4 hours to prevent decubital ulcers (aka bed sores) & atelectasis (collapsed lung).
What are the two most common urinary crystals found in a urinalysis?
Struvite crystals are a normal component of dog's urine and will remain dissolved as long as the urine is acidic and is not too concentrated. If the urine becomes very concentrated, or if it becomes alkaline (opposite to acidic), struvite crystals will form.
Calcium Oxalates can be found in normal urine, particularly if it's acidic. They can also indicate infection if the pH in the urine is low & can be associated with calcium oxalate stones.
How much Carprofen would you give a 25lb patient if the DVM orders a 2mg/kg dose & the concentration of Carprofen is 50mg/mL? (round answer to nearest hundredth value)
0.46mL
25 lb divided by 2.2 = 11.4 kg
11.4 kg multiplied by 2mg/kg = 22.8 mg
22.8 mg divided by 50mg/mL = 0.46 mL
How would you position your patient for an DP radiograph of the left radius/ulna?
Sternal with LF leg on table, x-ray beam enters front of leg (anterior) and exits back of leg (posterior).
What are the three active ingredients of Nexgard Plus & what are they protecting against?
Afoxolaner: Fleas & Ticks (insecticide/acaricide)
Moxidectin: Heartworms
Pyrantel: Intestinal Parasites
What is the normal urine output for a dog or cat?
Normal urine output is 1–2 mL/kg/hour
What is Isosthenuria? (I-sos-the-nuria)
Isosthenuria refers to the excretion of urine whose specific gravity (concentration) is neither greater (more concentrated) nor less (more diluted) than that of protein-free plasma, typically 1.008-1.012. Isosthenuria reflects damage to the kidney's tubules or the renal medulla.
DVM orders a fluid bolus of 300mL to be given over 20 minutes. What is the rate on the fluid pump?
Rate = 900mL
60 minutes divided by 20 minutes = 3
300mL (VTBI) multiplied by 3 = 900mL
Set fluid pump rate to 900mL & VTBI to 300mL