ECG
The Wilson Central Terminal provides the reference for which ECG leads?
The precordial leads (V1-V6).
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Sinus Node
What arrythmia has the following characteristics?
- Nicro-reentrant mechanism
- Paroxysmal in nature
- Atrium and ventricle are activated almost simulaneously
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entry Tachycardia (AVNRT)
Effective Refractory Period (ERP)
These blood vessels bring oxygen-poor blood from the body to the heart.
Superior and Inferior vena cava
Which leads look at the interfor surface of the heart?
II, III, and avF
What structure serves as the sole electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles?
Bundle of His
Which of the teachycardia below is the most life-threatening?
A. Ischemic VT
B. Idiopathic VT
C. Ventricular Fibrillation
D. RVOT
Ventricular Fibrillation
What four catheters are used in a standard EP study?
High Right Atrial (HRA)
Bundle of His (HIS)
Coronary Sinus (CS)
Right Ventricular Apex (RVA)
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart relaxes and refills with blood after contraction.
Diastole
Which of the following electrode pairs make up limb lead "Lead III"?
Left Leg & Left Arm
What is the secondary pacemaker of the heart?
AV node
What arrythmia has the following characteristics?
- May have a single focus of multiple foci
- 3 or more successive atrial beats
- Often 150-250 bpm
Atrial Tachycardia (AT)
In order to determine the Pacing Threshold, this will be continuously decremented intil loss of capture is seen.
A. S1 Rate (ms)
B. S2 Rate (ms)
C. Current (mA)
Current (mA)
Which valve seperates the right atrium and the right ventricle?
Tricuspid Valve
In a standard 12-lead ECG setup, which limb electrode serves as the electrical ground (reference) lead?
Right Leg (RL)
What is the band of muscle that acts as the primary conductor of the electrical signal to the left atrium?
Bachmann's Bundle
What arrythmia has the following characteristics?
- Characteristic delta waves
- Macro-reentrant arrhythmia
- Short PR interval
Atrioventricular Re-entrant Tachycardia (AVRT)
What type of pacing do you use to evaluate an Effective Refractory Period?
A. Burst Pacing
B. Programmed Stimulation
C. Threshold Pacing
Programmed Stimulation
Tendinous strings connecting the papillary muscle to the AV valves.
Chordae Tendineae
If leads II, III, and avF are positive, which of the following structures is the most likely origin for this PVC?
A. Outflow tract
B. Papillary muscle
C. Left ventricular apex
D. Right ventricular apex
Outflow tract
What is the tertiary pacemaker of the heart?
Purkinje Fibers
What arrythmia has the following characteristics?
- Rare (approx. 5%)
- Abnormal conduction between the bundle brances
- Type of VT
Bundle Branch Re-entry (BBR)
In an electrophysiology study, which arrhythmia is characterized by an AH jump during programmed atrial stimulation?
AVNRT
The only heart valve with two leaflets.
Mitral Valve