Computer Architecture
Bonus: Burma, Malaysia, and Singapore were colonies of the ______
British
Two types of touchscreen
Resistive and Capacitive
Describe what a Router is?
Routers enable data packets to be routed between different networks, be it internal or external.
State the three types of printers
Laser Printer, Inkjet Printer, and Dot Matrix Printer
Describe what RAM and ROM is?
RAM - random access memory. Stores temporary data. Has two types, SRAM and DRAM
ROM - read-only memory. Stores permanent data. Usually BIOS instructions are stored.
What consists a Vonn Neumann Architecture
There must be a processor to process data
There must be a memory to access and store
There must be an Input and Output
In touchscreens, Resistive detects ______________ while Capacitive detects ______________
Resistive detects pressure when interacting to the screen whereas capacitive detects electrical change.
How are IP address and MAC address different?
MAC - media access control is the hardware address. Hard to change
IP - internet protocol address is the network address. Can be changed easily.
A device that builds three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer based on a digital design
3D Printer
One advantage and disadvantage of Virtual Memory
Adv - Efficient Use of Physical RAM to run larger programs or multiple applications simultaneously by using disk space as an extension of physical memory.
Dis - Slower Performance because of swapping from RAM to a secondary storage.
What is the value of the Accumulator if we do the following instructions:
Memory | 100 | 101 | 110 | 111
Address | 0 | 77 | 51 | 65
Instructions:
LOAD 110; ADD 110; STORE 100; LOAD 111
65
Bonus: What is the 5th decimal digit of pi?
What gift is given on the fifth day in “The 12 Days of Christmas”? Sing the part with its correct melody
Fiveeee golden ringgssss
Give the main hardware for control systems
Actuators
State two differences between primary storage and secondary storage
Primary - directly accessible by the CPU. Contains RAM, ROM, and cache memory
Secondary Storage - Not directly accessible by the CPU. All non-volatile devices. Can be external or internal to the computer. Contains three types: magnetic, optical, and solid-state
Explain how the fetch-decode execute cycle work.
Fetch: The CPU retrieves an instruction from memory.
Decode: The control unit interprets the fetched instruction and determines what actions are needed
Execute: The CPU carries out the decoded instruction.
Aside from keyboard, mouse, camera, give four input devices found in the cashier area of a store
Sensors for measuring physical components
Barcode Scanner
Card Scanner
Microphone
Touchscreen
State four differences between IPv4 and IPv6
IPv4 - numbers, full stops, 32 bit, 4 groups
IPv6 - numbers and letters from A-F, 128 bit, 8 groups, colons
How is LED and OLED different?
LEDs - Uses a backlight to illuminate pixels. Less flexible, but cheap
OLEDs - doesn't have backlight since they are self-illuminated. Flexible, but expensive
Explain how the cloud storage works. Provide as much information as possible.
Cloud storage stores data remotely using a bunch of servers. These servers consist of SSDs or HDDs. Provide the adv and dis.
What is the value of the address 100 if we do the following instructions:
Memory | 100 | 101 | 110 | 111
Address | 0 | 77 | 51 | 65
Instructions:
LOAD 110; ADD 101; STORE 100; LOAD 111 SUB 100;
128. Since the value when we subtract is not stored in 100.
State three features of an embedded system.
It contains a microprocessor to process the data
It contains hardware and software components
It only performs one specific task.
Bonus: What is the highest-grossing movie of all time?
Avatar. Not the bald kid, the blue people.
How is laser and inkjet printer different? State one scenario as to where each printer can be applied.
Inkjet- uses ink cartridges/liquid ink sprayed to the paper. Perfect for photographers or artists who require vibrant, high-resolution color prints
Laser - uses laser beams and toner powder to produce high-quality prints quickly. Ideal for offices that need to print a large volume of documents quickly and cost-effectively
What does Cache Memory mean? Why is it important for processors to have this for better performance?
Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located inside or close to the CPU. It stores frequently accessed data and instructions to reduce the time the CPU takes to fetch them from slower main memory (RAM).