Visuospatial skills
What area of the brain is associated with visuospatial deficits?
right parietal lobe
What tests are the best predictors of driving errors in older adults?
Processing speed, set shifting (trails B)
Which hemisphere is typically responsible for language?
left hemisphere
What is the purpose of performance validity testing?
to assess effort and validity of test scores and identify malingering, etc.
Define anosognosia.
disturbance of awareness/insight into deficits.
What tests are best for assessing neglect?
line bisection, clock drawing, cancellation, BVMT, Rey figure
How much better do healthy individuals perform with their dominant hand on motor tests than their non-dominant hand (%)?
10%
What's the difference between a phoneme and a morpheme?
phoneme: smallest unit of sound
morpheme: smallest meaningful unit of sound
Which aspect of psychometrics is most important in performance validity?
specificity
Explain the difference between alexia and agraphia.
alexia- inability to read
agraphia- inability to write
If a patient takes a piecemeal approach on the Rey copy (loses gestalt) which hemisphere of the is likely damaged?
right hemisphere
in contrast to left hemisphere injuries which omit details
define apraxia and name what areas of the brain typically cause it.
inability to carry out learned, purposeful movement. often left parietal or frontal lobe damage.
What are Broca and Wernicke's area responsible for?
broca's: speech production
wernicke's: speech comprehension/understanding
Name the 3 Slick criteria for malingering.
definite, probable, and possible
what area of the brain is responsible for conduction aphasia when damaged?
arcuate fasciculus
Explain gender differences on JLO.
Men perform better than woman. Women's scores are corrected for (2 points added to raw score)
what's the difference between ideomotor and ideational apraxia?
ideomotor: can explain an action but not complete it.
ideational: motor intact but can't conceptualize
what does perisylvian mean? And name a perisylvian region.
near the sylvian fissure.
inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus
broca's, wernicke's, arcuate fasciculus
Name a disorder with external incentives. Name a disorder with internal incentives.
Malingering
Factitious disorder
Which aphasia is rostral to broca's area? Which aphasia is causal to wernicke's area?
transcortical motor aphasia
transcortical sensory aphasia
Explain a frontal approach to block design.
disorganized, impulsive, careless approach to construction.
Define constructional apraxia.
inability to draw/construct simple designs/figures.
speech disturbance
Phonemic paraphasia "mite" instead of "kite"
Semantic paraphasia "cat" instead of "dog"
Name a standalone PVT and an embedded measure of performance validity.
TOMM, Dot counting, word memory test
embedded: CVLT forced choice reliable digits, trail making test
Which aphasia are considered non-fluent?
broca's and global aphasia
in contrast to fluent aphasias- wernicke's and conduction