Shoulder Structures
What is the Labrum?
These two segments are involved in innervating most muscles of the shoulder
What is C5 and C6?
If presenting with this injury patient will say that their "doctor said it was their rotary cup". (JK)
This broad injury can mean at least one of four muscles are involved and not providing support to the GHJ.
What is a rotator cuff tear?
This test assesses labral integrity. It is completed with the shoulder abducted to 90*, the therapist applies axial pressure through the humerus while internally and externally rotating the shoulder. If positive a grinding or catching effect will be present.
What is the Compression-Rotation test?
You want to avoid this type of treatment for the first 6 weeks following a SLAP tear repair (follow surgeons precautions if provided)
What is early Biceps strengthening?
This joint is able to follow both Convex/Concave and Concave/Convex rules (a saddle joint)
What is the Sternoclavicular/SC joint?
Shoulder ABduction is innervated by this peripheral nerve. The segmental innervation is C5
What is the Axillary nerve?
Frozen shoulder will follow this restriction pattern.
What is the Capsular pattern? (ER>ADB>IR)
To complete this test the shoulder is abducted to 90* and the shoulder girdle is stabilized while an axial load is applied.
What is the Jerk test?
Conservative management is completed for small to medium RC tears, this phase is when you would introduce functional movement into the exercise-based therapy.
When is Phase 3 (8 to 12+ weeks)?
These boney structures are most commonly involved with a DX of shoulder impingement
What are Greater tubercle of the humerus and acromion?
This nerve root is responsible for shoulder girdle elevation (shrugging)
What is C4?
This deformity of the humeral head is strongly associated with Instability and is often caused by an anterior dislocation.
What is Hill-Sachs?
This test is intended to assess Teres Minor and is completed by abducting the shoulder to 90* and flexing the elbow (passively) and then asking the patient to hold that position and externally rotate the arm. If this test is positive the patient is unable to externally rotate or the arm falls into internal rotation.
What is Hornblower's sign/Patte test?
While early mobilization is encouraged with shoulder dislocation/instability, this is the recommended IMMOBILIZATION period.
How long is 1 to 3 weeks?
This nerve passes behind the deltoid and through the Quadrangular space. It can be injured during shoulder dislocation.
What is the Axillary nerve?
Both parts of this nerve innervate the Subscapularis.
What is the Upper and Lower subscapular nerve?
This injury has 4 types and the most severe has the added component of biceps tendon involvement.
What is a Labral tear/ SLAP tear?
This test is completed with shoulders in 90° of abduction and external rotation (think goal post), then the patient must rapidly open and close their hands for 3 MINUTES :/. Positive findings include N/T or pain in the arm/hand (for neurogenic TOS) OR pallor, cyanosis, or swelling (for vascular TOS).
What is Roos Test (Elevated Arm Stress Test - EAST)?
While exercise may not be helpful in the freezing and frozen stages of adhesive capsulitis, this manual technique can help reduce amount of ROM lost and aid in pain relief.
What is Grade I/II joint mobilizations?
This artery and this vein could be a source when dealing with vascular TOS
What is the subclavian vein and subclavian artery?
This division of the brachial plexus is the segmental outlier and contains C8 and T1.
What is the Medial Pectoral Nerve?
A condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and progressive loss of motion in the shoulder due to inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule.
What is adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder?
This test is completed with the patients arm resting at their side, the therapist then presses on the posterior aspect of the acromion and the distal clavicle. Positive findings are pain reproduction or pain localization to the AC joint.
What is Paxinos Test/AC compression?
This Pharmacologic intervention for RTC injury should only be used as a short term pain management option in individuals with severe or persistent pain.
What is a corticosteroid injection?