Review
Stratificaton
Rivers
Water Quality (10-18)
Lake Types (10-14)
100
The number one benefit of resivoirs/dams
What is recreation
100
When water temperatures are uniform what mixes the water
What is wind
100
The term for bending and direction change in a river
What is meander
100
This size of water shed has less runoff and less pollution
What is small
100
Ground water and or direct precipitation fed, no inlet or outlet Normally “high” in the watershed ~generally “good” water quality
What is Seepage Lake
200
What lake type is the most productive, has algal blooms and rough fish
What is Eutrophic
200
During summer, the top layer becomes warmer leading to a change in density between the top of the water and the bottom of water with an area of reapid temperature change. What is the effect of this on the bottom layer
What is deprevation of oxygen
200
This corporation manages 21 reservoirs on upper WI River involving hydroelectric power
What is Wisconsin Valley Improvement Corporation
200
True color - dissolved particles and Suspended particles (often called turbidity) - algae, eroded or suspended soil particles) are the two components of what water quality measure
What is water clarity
200
Fed mostly by groundwater and precipitation Has stream outlet Normally “intermediate” in the watershed ~ intermediate in water quality – dependent on development in watershed Protect groundwater quality
What is GW Drainage Lake
300
Block migratory species Unnatural water release patterns Sedimentation upstream Erosion downstream
What is problems with dams
300
The density of water increases and subsequently sinks, stimulating mixing (Fall Overturn). What three layers are mixed?
What is Epilimnion, Hypolimnion, Metalimnion
300
Factors that impact validity of flood frequency model
What is climate and change in watershed use
300
Secchi Disk
What is Measures transparency (clarity) of water 8” diameter disc painted black and white on alternate quarters Lowered until it disappears in the water and raised till visible. Average depth is recorded Take readings on a calm sunny day
300
-Fed by stream inlet and drained by outlet -Large drainage basins associated with inlet stream -Normally “low” in the watershed ~Water quality may be poor from land runoff or input from streams -Often have complex water balance. See ex. below: -Inputs: 60% surface runoff, 30% groundwater, 10% precipitation -Outputs: 84% stream flow, 11% evaporation, 5% groundwater outflow -Watershed protection !
What is Drainage Lake
400
Bankfull flow importance (2)
What is Most sediment transported and Greatest erosion of banks
400
The extrapolations of recurrence intervals are then used to forecast the future probability of a flood of a given discharge. The probability (P) in a given year of a flood with recurrence interval T is P = 1/T
What is flood frequency and reoccurence
400
The sources of dissolved gas in water
What is Wind mixing and Biological activity (consumption and production)
400
Stream converted to standing water Subject to water level fluctuations ~Poor water quality Large watersheds impact water quality Sediment load into may be high Protect watersheds !
What is Impoundement
500
Law signed by eight states and Canada that limits diversion of water to areas outside of the water shed
What is Great Lakes Water Protection Pact
500
What depth is when stratification usually occurs in summer lakes
What is 20 ft
500
Rivers flowing through hard igneous rock are more entrenched and tend to be
What is straighter and narrower
500
A measure of (acid) buffering capacity
What is Alkalinity
500
Rapid flushing Good and bad attributes: Effects of pollution may be observed rapidly Pollution may be flushed out quickly Improvements in water quality are seen soon Examples:Drainage lake and impoundement
What is short retention time
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