Genetics
Name 4 autosomal recessive disorders
cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, sickle-cell disease, Tay-Sach's
BONUS: Which gender would be more affected?
Name 2 ways to prevent disease
Immunization, participation in screening programs, community health programs, regular and routine doctor visits
This type of hypersensitivity reaction is cytotoxic and can be caused by incompatible blood transfusions.
Type II
BONUS: What can be done to reduce the risk of a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
This type of tumor is typically encapsulated and slowly expanding
Benign
This type of lesion is circumscribed, flat, and differs from normal skin tone
macule
Chronic disease, age, pregnancy, genetics, immunodeficiency, malnutrition, severe stress, inflammation, trauma, impaired inflammatory response
Etiology
BONUS: Give me 2 examples of etiology
Describe the transmission of the following diseases:
Measles
Influenza
Malaria
Shingles
Shingles- Direct contact
Influenza- Droplet transmission
Measles- Aerosol transmission
Malaria- Vector-borne
Name 3 warning signs of cancer
-unusual bleeding or discharge
-change in bowel/bladder
-change in wart/mole
-sore does not heal
-unexplained weight loss
-anemia/fatigue
-persistant cough/hoarseness
-Solid, painless lump
This type of skin lesion is elevated, has a thin wall, and contains fluid
Vesicle
1. Family history genetic disease
2. Maternal age >35
3. Mom who has given birth to another child with an abnormality
This term refers to the time between exposure to a pathogen and symptom onset
Incubation period
BONUS: Name the period that follows the incubation period
Name 4 systemic signs of inflammation
Malaise, fatigue, Nausea, Vomitting, fever, bodyaches/chills, headache
Name 4 risk factors for breast cancer
Age, genetics, radiation exposure, early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, never having breastfed, smoking, alcohol, hormone therapy, obesity
Bonus: Describe a strategy for primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention for breast cancer.
Ingestion of an allergen such as peanuts can cause this skin condition.
Urticaria (Hives)
Bonus: What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this?
Artificial Active
In this abnormal cell growth pattern, the cells vary in both size and shape
Dysplasia
BONUS: Please give an example
Define nosocomial and give an example
An infection transmitted in the hospital or healthcare facility
Name 3 risk factors for cancer:
Genetic, Virus, Radiation exposure, Chemicals, biologic
BONUS: Which of these are modifiable risk factors?
This chronic autoimmune disease is characterized by a "butterfly rash" that develops across the face
Lupus
BONUS: What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this?
Name the following diseases
Trisomy 21?
Chromosome XXY?
Chromosome XO?
Trisomy 21: Down's syndrome
XXY: Kleinfelter's syndrome
XO: Turner syndrome
BONUS: Name 5 manifestations of Down's syndrome
This type of cell damage occurs when there is a decreased supply of oxygen to the tissues due to a mechanical obstruction of blood flow such as a blood clot.
Ischemia
What is cortisol and how does secretion of cortisol affect the body?
Cortisol is a hormone secreted during a stress response. Cortisol increases blood glucose, stimulates the CNS system, increases gastric secretion, and decreases the immune response.
In this stage of hyperthermia the patient is sweating, has a headache, nausea, dizziness and may faint
Heat exhaustion
BONUS: Describe how you would know if the patient progressed to heat stroke?
Describe 4 risk factors for pressure ulcers
immobility, patient needing assistance with repositioning, malnourished, diaphoresis, incontinence, edema, paresthesias
Prolonged pressure impairs circulation
BONUS: Describe the different stages of pressure ulcers