Electrolytes 1
Normal level of Potassium
What is 3.5-5 mEq/L
The Normal range for LDL
What is <130mg/dL
The most important laboratory result to review for a patient with possible MI
What is Troponin Level
pH > 7.45 & PaCO2 < 35 mmHg Represents What Acid-Base imbalance?
What is RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
To determine the effects of therapy for a patient who is being treated for heart failure, which laboratory result will the nurse plan to review?
What is B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Levels goes up when heart failure develops or gets worse, and levels goes down when heart failure is stable)
Patient has the following S/Sx's: postural hypotension, weakness, decreased skin turgor, fever, dry mucous membrane, thirst
What is HYPERNATREMIA
Which blood test would an MD order if patient is on Coumadin (warfarin)?
What is PT/INR
After noting a pulse deficit when assessing a 74-year-old patient who has just arrived in the emergency department, the nurse will anticipate that the patient may require
A. emergent cardioversion. B. a cardiac catheterization.
C. hourly blood pressure (BP) checks.
D. electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring.
What is D. electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring.
pH < 7.35 & Bicarbonate < 22 mEq/L Represents which Acid-Base imbalance?
What is METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is ordered for a patient with possible endocarditis. Which action included in the standard TEE orders will the nurse need to accomplish first?
A. Start an IV line.
B. Place the patient on NPO status.
C. Administer O2 per nasal cannula.
D. Give lorazepam (Ativan) 1 mg IV
What is B. Place the patient on NPO status.
You can loose me due to: Vomiting, Diuretics, Diarrhea, NG-tube suctioning, Intestinal Fistula
What is K+
Most common cause Hyperkalemia is?
What is Renal Failure
Medication management of Hypertension includes beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors & Calcium-Antagonists. Which of the following are ACE inhibitors? (Select ALL that apply)
A.Captopril
B.Propranolol
C.Atenolol
D.Enalapril
E.Benzapril
F.Nifedipine
G.Diltiazem
Answer: A. Captopril, D. Enalapril & E. Benzapril
Rationales:
B. Propranolol = Beta-blocker
C. Atenolol = Beta-blocker
F. Nifedipine = Ca+ Antagonist
G. Diltiazem = Ca+ Antagonist
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of hypertension and a new prescription for spironolactone 25 mg/day. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. “I should eat a lot of fruits and vegetables, especially bananas and potatoes.”
B. “I will report any changes in heart rate to my provider.”
C. “I should replace the salt shaker on my table with a salt substitute.”
D. “I will decrease the dose of this medication when I no longer have headaches and facial redness.”
What is B. The nurse should teach the client to monitor her heart rate and report any changes to her provider.
A patient who has chest pain is admitted to the emergency department (ED) and all of the following are ordered. Which one should the nurse arrange to be completed first?
A. Chest x-ray
B. Troponin level
C. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
D. Insertion of a peripheral IV
What is: C. Electrocardiogram (ECG) (The priority for the patient is to determine whether an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is occurring so that reperfusion therapy can begin as quickly as possible. ECG changes occur very rapidly after coronary artery occlusion, and an ECG should be obtained as soon as possible. Troponin levels will increase after about 3 hours. Data from the chest x-ray may impact the patient's care but are not helpful in determining whether the patient is experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI). Peripheral access will be needed but not before the ECG.)
This sign is a twitching response when a set of facial nerves is tapped. 1.What is it called? 2.It is used to check for what? *Must answer both correctly*
What is 1.(+) Chvostek’s sign 2.Assessed for Hypocalcemia
Low-density lipoprotein does which of the following:
A.Screens for heart disease
B.Transports cholesterol to the body’s cells from the liver
C.Evaluates the clients heart disease
D.Transports cholesterol from the body’s cells to the liver.
What is : B.Transports cholesterol to the body’s cells from the liver
Rationales:
A. Screens for heart disease = Cholesterol (total)
C. Evaluates the clients heart disease = Triglycerides
D. Transports cholesterol from the body’s cells to the liver = HDL
A patient in the outpatient clinic has a new diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which group of medications will the nurse plan to include when providing patient teaching about PAD treatment? (Select ALL that Apply)
A. Statins
B. Antibiotics
C. Thrombolytics
D. Anticoagulants
What is A. Statins & B. Anticoagulants
(others include Anti-HTN, anti-inflammatory, &surgery)
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has a prescription for furosemide 40 mg PO daily. The nurse should instruct the client to take this medication at which of the following times of day?
A. Morning
B. Immediately after lunch
C. Immediately before dinner
D. Bedtime
What is A. Morning
Anticoagulants will/can:
A. Dissolve clots
B. Prevent clots from forming
C. Both A & B
What is B. Prevent clots from forming
Thrombolytics can dissolve clots such as tPA medication used for ischemic stroke.
Clinical manifestations include: lethargy, drowsiness, and nausea and vomiting. With rising levels, deep tendon reflexes are lost, followed by somnolence, then respiratory and cardiac arrest.
What is Hypermagnesemia
Right sided heart failure includes the following assessment data except: (select all that apply)
A. Ascites
B. Dependant Edema
C. Pulmonary congestion
D. Cyanosis
E. Distended jugular veins
F. Blood tinged sputum
What is C. Pulmonary congestion, D. Cyanosis, F. Blood tinged sputum
The above are assessment findings for left sided heart failure
What will the RN anticipate the MD will order to treat an elevated INR level? Name at least 2
What is:
1.Vitamin K,
2.FFP,
3.DDAVP
Interpret the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 32 mm Hg, and HCO3 25 mEq/L
What is Respiratory alkalosis
Based on the Joint Commission Core Measures for patients with heart failure, which topics should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for a patient who has been hospitalized with chronic heart failure (select all that apply)?
A. How to take and record daily weight
B. Importance of limiting aerobic exercise
C. Date and time of follow-up appointment
D. Symptoms indicating worsening heart failure
E. Actions and side effects of prescribed medications
What is A, C, D, E