Inflammation
A 72-year-old is recovering two days after having knee replacement surgery. The incision is going through which type of healing?
A. Primary intention
B. Secondary intention
C. Granuloma formation
D. Scar formation
A. Primary intention
A client is cleaning out their garden and gets bitten by a poisonous snake. Which immune cells containing specific antibodies may be administered to decrease the severity of the bite?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Immunoglobulins
C. Helper T cells
D. B lymphocytes
B. Immunoglobulins
A person was at a dinner party and consumed several courses of shellfish dishes. The person's face turns red and itchy and they suddenly experience difficulty breathing.
Which prescription by the healthcare provider is the priority for the nurse to administer?
A. Place the client on oxygen
B. Draw lab work
C. Monitor vital signs
D. Administer epinephrine
D. Administer epinephrine
Before any invasive procedure, what should be administered to immune-compromised individuals?
A. Prophylactic antimicrobial drugs
B. High-dose vitamin C
C. Blood transfusion
D. Vaccines
A. Prophylactic antimicrobial drugs
On day two of the training, which period of the stage of disease is Mr. Jones experiencing when he exhibits symptoms of coughing, tiredness, and chills?
A. Convalescence
B. Incubation
C. Prodromal
D. Acute
C. Prodromal
A client who has been experiencing stomach pains for the past three months visits the healthcare provider to receive the results of their diagnostic test. The client is informed the test revealed an ulcer with fibrosis, fibroblasts, and macrophages present. The client’s treatment plan should address the acute or chronic inflammation pathologic process?
Acute or Chronic?
Chronic
Cough, Infection, Pharyngitis, Rhinitis, Fever, Headache
A. This is caused by increased dilation of the blood vessels to the brain, alerting us to a problem, issue, or abnormality.
B. This symptom affects the mucous membranes of the nose, producing extra mucous to trap and remove inhaled particles that may harm us.
C. This symptom is caused by an adjustment the hypothalamus makes to increase blood flow and vessel sizes for faster transport of immune and inflammatory mediators to the troublesome area.
D. This is one major potential cause of immune system and inflammatory response activation.
E. This symptom is another name for a sore throat and inflammation of the tonsils and other lymphoid tissue as it collects the byproducts of an immune response.
F. This inflammatory response causes an explosive, forceful outward movement of anything in the respiratory tract that may need removal. It works best when mucous has first trapped it.
A. Headache
B. Rhinitis
C. Fever
D. Infection
E. Pharyngitis
F. Cough
When an individual is hypersensitive or allergic to a specific thing, excessive amounts of what are produced? Select all that apply.
A. Carbon dioxide molecules
B. Inflammatory mediators
C. T-lymphocytes
D. Immune mediators
E. B-lymphocytes
B. Inflammatory mediators
D. Immune mediators
E. B-Lymphocytes
Immunodeficiency puts individuals most at risk for which two conditions?
A. Cancer and opportunistic infections
B. DiGeorge syndrome and opportunistic infections
C. Passive immunity and kidney disease
D. Malnutrition and kidney disease
A. Cancer and opportunistic infections
A teacher is educating another student about the importance of adequate nutrition to help maintain skin integrity. The teacher helps the student realize that maintaining intact skin tissue breaks the chain of infection by addressing the _____
portal of entry
reservoir
host
mode of transmission
On post-op day one following abdominal surgery, a client is experiencing pain, heat, and redness at the incision. Based on these findings, what conclusion can be made about the incision?
A. The client is healing quickly and can go home today.
B. The incision shows signs of infection.
C. This is a normal inflammatory response.
D. No conclusions can be drawn from the cues provided.
C. This is a normal inflammatory response.
A client is nearing the end of their pregnancy and is concerned about their newborn being protected from illness in their first year of life.
Which class of immunoglobulins will provide passive immunity for the newborn and is able to cross the placenta?
A. IgD
B. IgM
C. IgE
D. IgG
D. IgG
A caregiver brings an infant to the healthcare provider's office with a skin rash on the abdomen and extremities with no signs of respiratory distress. The caregiver mentions changing the infant’s formula. The nurse assesses the infant and identifies the infant most likely has manifestations of which condition?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Hay fever
C. Atopic dermatitis
D. Asthma
C. Atopic dermatitis
An individual living with HIV infection recently had their spleen removed. Which action should they use to prevent infection?
A. Take antibiotics as a precaution
B. Limit contact with the public
C. Wear a face mask in public
D. Basic infection control techniques
D. Basic infection control techniques
Which is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease?
A. Infection acquired from the stick of a contaminated needle
B. Skin infection acquired from a dog bite
C. Infection with a respiratory virus
D. Food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in food
D. Food poisoning due to a preformed bacterial toxin in food
Which characteristics below are expected during an acute or chronic inflammatory episode? Mark each characteristic under the appropriate type of inflammation.
A. The immediate response to tissue injury, which lasts from minutes to days.
B. The repeated destruction and repair of tissue for weeks to years after the initial injury.
C. Used to describe diseases characterized by long duration and slow progression.
D. Used to describe diseases characterized by sudden onset with a short, relatively severe course.
A. Acute
B. Chronic
C. Chronic
D. Acute
The nurse is educating the client on the benefits of breastfeeding and explains that the immunoglobulin _____is in the colostrum and provides antibody protection for newborns.
IgA or IgE?
IgA
A person with a history of misusing injectable drugs and type 2 diabetes has been experiencing flu-like symptoms of low-grade fever, weakness, arthralgia, and a headache for over a month. In the past few days, they have developed mouth sores and have no energy to get out of bed.
Which cues strongly indicate this person may have an autoimmune disorder? Select all that apply.
A. Flu-like symptoms greater than a month
B. Headache
C. No energy to get out of bed
D. Mouth sores
E. Persistent clear sinus drainage
ALL expect E
A client is seen in the clinic with a wrist injury. Which findings indicate clinical manifestations of systemic inflammation? Select all that apply.
A. Client states, “I’m tired all the time and have no energy.”
B. Client complains of pain in the frontal and maxillary sinuses.
C. Client’s white blood cell count is elevated.
D. Client’s temperature is 101.8F (38.8C).
E. Client is producing thick, green nasal discharge.
A. I'm tired all the time and have no energy.
C. Client's white blood cell count is elevated.
D. Client's temp is 101.8F
Which type of acquired immunity will the newborn receive when they start receiving their vaccinations?
A. Natural active
B. Artificial passive
C. Natural passive
D. Artificial active
D. Artificial active
A person with a history of misusing injectable drugs and type 2 diabetes has been experiencing flu-like symptoms of low-grade fever, weakness, arthralgia, and a headache for over a month. In the past few days, they have developed mouth sores and have no energy to get out of bed.
Based on the information provided, the person is most likely experiencing which alteration in health?
A. Cancer
B. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
C. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
D. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
D. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Infections have varied patterns as defined by their characteristics or location. Rearrange the definitions in the right column below to match the corresponding type of infection.
Local, Systemic, Secondary, Acute, Focal, Chronic, Mixed, Primary, Subclinical
A. It does not cause apparent signs or symptoms, and it may persist over a long period of time.
B. It is the initial exposure to and being infected by a pathogen
C. The infection continues for a longer period and has less severe symptoms
D. Several pathogens concurrently establish themselves at the same time.
E. A short lived infection appears rapidly with severe symptoms
F. Pathogen spreads from a local infection to other tissues
G. Infection spreads to other locations, including the circulatory system
H. Organism enters the body and is confined to that location
I. It follows a primary infection and is caused by a pathogen other than which caused the primary infection.
A. Subclinical
B. Primary
C. Chronic
D. Mixed
E. Acute
F. Focal
G. Systemic
H. Local
I. Secondary