Cardiology and Resuscitation
3 surgically implanted devices that may be used to help patients with cardiac disease
Pacemaker, Internal cardiac defibrillator, and Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
What is the opposite of urinary incontinence?
urinary retention
Approximately how much blood is in an average adult's body?
5-6L
What is the main purpose of an oropharyngeal airway?
to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway
Sterilization is defined as which of the following?
a process that removes all microbial contamination
If an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is left untreated, 90% of affected myocardial cells will die within what time frame?
within 4-6 hours
What are the components of the APGAR score?
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity (muscle tone), and Respirations
A patient has had skin contact with a poison. For how long should their skin be flooded with water?
15-20 minutes
Which of the following techniques would be an appropriate way to open a patient's airway if the mechanism of injury is unknown?
Jaw-thrust manuever
The scene of a multiple-car accident has been deemed safe. After standard precautions, what is the most appropriate next step?
determine the number of patients
3 causes of obstructive shock
Tension Pneumothorax, Cardiac Tamponade, and Pericardial Effusion
What is a common finding in hyperglycemia but not hypoglycemia?
Vomiting
At what percentage of total body surface area is a pediatric burn considered to be severe?
>10% partial thickness burn
When providing assisted ventilation to an adult via a bag-valve mask, which approximate tidal volume will cause a noticeable rise of the chest?
500mL
A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle collision and was restrained in the car. She is conscious and alert but complains of neck and back pain. She reports she is 39 weeks pregnant. Assuming this patient is stable, what transport measures are indicated?
Spinal motion restriction with a cervical collar, on a long backboard, and with the right side of the board elevated
The electrical conduction system of the heart controls most aspects of heart rate and enables the four chambers to work together. What are parts of the heart's electrical conduction system? (3)
AV node, SA node, and Purkinje fibers
A newborn has just been delivered in the ambulance en route to the hospital. The baby is not breathing well and exhibits central cyanosis despite being on PPV for 2 minutes. The heart rate is recorded at 80 bpm. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Continue PPV and initiate chest compressions
A 32-year-old male is hypothermic after swimming in an icy river. Although he emerged from the river within a few minutes, he is showing a diminished level of consciousness. What is the appropriate next step?
Passive rewarming
If a peanut is aspirated, where is it most likely to become lodged?
Right mainstem bronchus
A 50-year-old female is unresponsive, hypotensive, and breathing at a rate of four breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. Impending cardiac arrest is likely. A family member with appropriately documented power of attorney for health care over the patient authorizes only supportive care for the potentially dying patient. There is no DNR available, and several other family members on the scene are upset and begging for resuscitation. What would be the most appropriate action in this scenario?
Resuscitate the patient
A 48-year-old male has a history of chronic hypertension and called for help after experiencing sudden, severe pain in the chest and upper back that started about an hour ago. He describes the pain as “deep” and constant. The patient has no other associated symptoms. He takes medication for chronic hypertension. He is afebrile with a blood pressure of 118/70 mm Hg in both upper extremities, a pulse rate of 122/min, and a respiration rate of 22/minute. After the administration of high-flow oxygen, what is the most appropriate next step?
rapid transport
What are 4 signs/symptoms of cholecystitis?
Jaundice, Dark, tarry stools, Vomiting, Referred pain to right shoulder, Upper-right-quadrant abdominal pain
A 17-year-old male was struck on the side of the head. Police found him unconscious and called for EMS assistance. By the time they arrive, the patient has regained consciousness and states that he is fine. During the primary assessment, there is no obvious bleeding or airway compromise, and his breathing is fine. As EMS proceeds, he becomes obtunded and subsequently loses consciousness. What is the likely cause of this patient's sudden decline?
Epidural hematoma
Which of the following occurs during the peripheral capillary cellular exchange?
Carbon dioxide from cells enters the capillaries, and oxygen leaves the capillaries and enters the cells
START triage is used in mass casualty scenes to sort and prioritize patients. What are 3 of the components of START triage?
Breathing (respirations >30 or <10), circulation (strong pulse or capillary refill <2 seconds), and mental status (follows commands)