Werner 1
Werner 2
Anderson 1
Conservation Biology Part 3 & 4
Intro. Conservation Biology
100
What is the 3 criteria for an essential element?
(1) need for metabolism, (2) organism will die without it, (3) Cannot be replaced by another element
100
What two abiotic factors influence succession the most?
Temperature and moisture.
100
What is lambda and what is the equation for it? What happens to lambda when you approach carrying capacity?
Annual finite rate of increase. Population Dynamics Slide 14. Approaches 1.
100
What is the best predictor of extinction?
Rarity
100
Name these from least complex to most complex: species, ecosystem, genetics, landscape.
Genetics, species, ecosystem, landscape.
200
Animals with the lowest ____ level have the highest _____ level.
Energy; entropy
200
What happens to the soil over time? (At least 3).
pH goes down (more acidic), soil horizons develop, CEC increases, more fungi:bacteria
200
What is coevolution? Give an example.
Evolutionary "arms race". Virus and rabbits in Australia.
200
The highest concentrations of exotics are found where?
Habitats that have been most altered by human activity.
200
What is the biggest class of species we have identified?
Insects
300
What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?
Biological legacy (primary does not have and secondary has).
300
Autogenic vs. Allogenic change. Give and example of each.
Autogenic - changes come from inside a plant community, black walnut releasing chemicals to inhibit growth of other plants. Allogenic - changes outside of the plant community, herbivory, Emerald Ash Borer.
300
Draw the 3 types of natural selection.
Stabilizing, directional, and disruptive. PowerPoint Evolution and Natural Selection Slide 23.
300
The Cane Toad is introduce to Australia and produces a toxin that protects them from all of the predators in Australia. What is this an example of?
Demographic release (invasive that has escaped the effects of natural enemies)
300
What is the primary cause of biodiversity at all levels? What percent does this effect threatened and endangered species?
Habitat loss, 85%
400
Draw the Clements vs. Gleason (Connell & Slayter) models of succession.
PowerPoint Primary Succession Slide 26-30
400
What is Liebig's Law of the minimum?
Growth is controlled not by the total amount of resources available, but by the scarcest resource (limiting factor).
400
What is the difference between torpor, hibernation, and estivation?
Torpor - daily, drop in body temperature and metabolism. Hibernation - longer, drop in body temperature to freezing or near freezing, drop in metabolism. Estivation - hibernation for amphibians.
400
What are the 3 impacts of exotic species on biodiversity?
Predation, parasitism, herbivory, disease, competition, and ecological chain reactions
400
Why should we care (5 reasons)?
PowerPoint Con Bio 1 Slide 26
500
Draw the timeline of Surtsy Island.
PowerPoint Primary Succession
500
You have an assimilation efficiency of 40%, an exploitation efficiency of 20%, and a production efficiency of 45%. What is the transfer efficiency?
Transfer efficiency = EE x AE (0.20 x 0.4) = 0.08 or 8%
500
What is fundamental niche vs. realized niche?
Fundamental - full niche w/o influence from other species. Realized - a portion of niche due to pressures from other species.
500
What is the "course filter" approach? What percentage of species can you save up to with this approach?
Manage for habitat rather than individual species. Can save up to 85-90% of the species.
500
Draw the full Theory of Island Biogeography Graph (with labels and be able to explain each section).
PowerPoint Con. Bio. Part 2 Slide 29
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