What is a process based definition for ecosystem regulation?
The transfer of energy and cycling of essential elements that occurs between organisms under the constraints imposed by the abiotic environment exerts control over species composition.
If you have 0.002% of sunlight energy transferred to decomposers, how much (%) makes it to primary consumers?
0.2%
100
Over time, what 3 things increase with succession?
Biomass
Species Richness
Species Diversity
200
What is primary succession?
Primary succession = Ecosystem development in the absence of biological legacy*
200
What are pioneering species?
Pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession(primary succession) that ultimately leads to a more bio-diverse steady-state ecosystem.
200
What is the consumer equation (cellular respiration)?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
200
Come up with a mnemonic device to memorize at least 5 of the essential elements.
H, C, O, N, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl, P, K, S, Fe, Ca, Mg
200
What two factors most influence primary production in an ecosystem?
Temperature and Moisture
300
What is secondary succession?
Secondary succession = Ecosystem repair or maintenance following perturbation (disturbance) in which the soil remains intact.
300
What is the tolerance model?
Organisms that colonize and occupy an area can compete effectively under the current environmental conditions
All organisms that can tolerate the environmental conditions have equal opportunity for establishment
Competition for resources ultimately directions the composition of the community at any point in time
(i.e. not predictable)
300
Draw the two different models of succession and label them with the appropriate scientists.
Clements
Connell & Slayter
300
Draw an example of an r-selected species.
Deer, rabbit, rodents, pioneering species
300
Soil is the product of the ________ that is influenced by __________ and _________ within a _________ over __________!
Soil is the product of the parent material that is influenced by climate and biota within a landform over time!
400
What is a climax community?
Biological community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession the development of vegetation in an area over time, has reached a steady state.
400
What is the inhibition model?
Organisms that occupy a site make it less favorable for other organisms to occupy the site
Current organisms inhibit the establishment of other organisms
Photo-regulation
Resource depletion
Allelopathy
Photo- or Chemoautotrophic
Fix atmospheric nitrogen
Provide carbon and nitrogen substrates
Stabilize the landscape
Facilitate soil development
500
What is the difference between r-selected and k-selected species? Give at least 5.
r: small, low energy needed, many offspring, early maturity, short life, one reproductive event (semelparity), type III survivorship curve
K: large, high energy needed, few offspring, later matutity, long life, several reproductive events (iteroparity), type I and type II survivorship curves
500
What are essential elements (EE) and what are the 3 criteria?
1. If it isn't present, organism dies.
2. The element is directly involved in the metabolic process.
3. It cannot be replaced by another element.
500
Draw soil horizon development over time.
See D2L (slides 45 and 46)
500
BONUS 200 (700 total points): Draw edge effect.
Secondary Succession Lecture (slide 31)
500
What happens to soil microbes and soil pH over time?
Beginning: bacteria, basic
With Time: fungi, acidic