Stress
True or false: Sources of stress are negative.
False - sources of stress can be positive too
True or false: successful coping allows individuals to maintain or return to homeostasis within a reasonable amount of time
True
A nursing intervention that would be contraindicated for a patient experiencing a panic attack.
What is teaching?
A group of people most likely to not receive an order for lorazepam.
Who are pregnant people?
This normal physiological response prepares the body to either face or escape a perceived threat.
What is the fight or flight response?
Chronic release of this hormone can lead to immunosuppression and hypertension.
What is cortisol?
An example of this type of coping: A patient is feeling stress due to a new diagnosis. They decide to take a few deep breaths to regulate their emotions.
What is emotion-focused coping
Difficulty distinguishing anxiety symptoms from developmental changes.
What is a cause of a low rate of treatment of anxiety in adolescents?
Explain the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines.
Increases the inhibitory action of GABA causing CNS depression.
Mixing benzodiazepines with opioids, barbiturates, or alcohol can lead to this complication.
What is respiratory depression or CNS depression?
The appraisal of if the stressor is irrelevant, positive, or stressful/a threat
What is primary appraisal?
An extreme acute stress that is viewed as a treat to one's well being.
What is a crisis?
This level of anxiety causes a narrowed perceptual field and difficulty concentrating but allows problem-solving with assistance.
What is moderate anxiety?
Trouble sleeping, sweating, and tremors after abruptly stopping long-term benzodiazepine use.
What are withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines?
A patient under chronic stress turns to overeating and alcohol use. These are examples of this type of coping strategy.
What is maladaptive coping?
List 3 physiological reactions of the sympathetic nervous system activation.
Increased HR, Increased BP, Increased cardiac output, increased blood perfusion, bronchial dilation, pupil dilation, elevated blood glucose, decreased urinary output, immunosuppression, increased water retension
A person who drinks daily tells their friend that drinking is not really a problem for them and that they drinking daily is not a major issue.
What is an example of the defense mechanism of minimization?
(not acknowledging the significance of one's behavior)
Childhood adversity, witnessing traumatic events, family history of anxiety disorders, chronic illness, and cumulative stressors.
What are risk factors for anxiety?
Anxiety, insomnia, seizure disorders, muscle spasticity, withdrawal from alcohol, induction of anesthesia.
What are reasons that a benzodiazepine might be prescribed?
A patient feels anxious about an upcoming surgery. After considering their coping skills, support system, and available resources, they decide they can handle it.
What is an example of secondary appraisal?
When your body cannot maintain adaptation to a stressor and energy/resources are depleted. (name stage and theory)
What is the stage of exhaustion in the General Adaptation Syndrome theory?
A parent spanks their child and then brings home a present for the child the next day.
What is an example of the defense mechanism of undoing?
(Performing an action or using words designed to cancel some disapproved thoughts, impulses, or acts in which the person relieves guilt by making reparation)
A patient with a history of anxiety shows up to the ER with chest pain and a sense of doom. What is your first response?
This class of medications, once commonly used for anxiety, is now rarely prescribed because of their high risk for dependence and respiratory depression.
What are barbiturates?
This is the reason benzodiazepines have a ceiling effect while barbiturates do not.
What is that benzodiazepines enhance, but do not directly mimic, GABA activity whereas barbiturates directly activate GABA receptors even without GABA present?