Health
SDOH
Development
Health change
Language matters
100
What is Health?
- has multidimensional components, often including physical, mental, social and spiritual health
100
What are SDOH?
- Conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live and age
- The wider forces shaping the conditions of daily life
- Account of 30-55% of health outcomes
100
What are the 3 main developmental theories?
Eriksons:
- 8 stages of development (psychosocial)
Piagets:
- 4 stages of cognitive development
- *3 stages of moral development
Kohlberg:
- 6 stages of moral development
*Piagets second theory
100
What are external risk factors?
- Physical environment
- Standards of living
- Family and cultural beliefs
- Social support networks
100
Homeless person + vulnerable populations ex.
Homeless Person = person with no fixed address
At Risk → generally affordability related
Provisionally Accommodated → living with others, short-term rental, institutional care
Emergency Sheltered → gospel mission, Kelowna women's shelter
Unsheltered → public space, vehicle
Vulnerable Populations = Key or High-priority Populations
At the MOST risk for health conditions
Exclusion
Barriers → related to access or dependency } SDOH
200
What are the three levels of disease prevention?
Primary: Prevent disease/ injury BEFORE it occurs
Secondary: Reduce impact of disease/
injury which has ALREADY occurred,
Early detection!
Tertiary: Management of illness / injury
with LONG-TERM effects
200
SDOH: Development
Ages 0-6 are most impactful
Caring environment, nurtured, education, proper nutrition
Childhood obesity is a major concern
200
What is developmental growth?
- Progressive, continuous
- Increasing capacity and skills to function
- Qualitative, difficult to measure
- Moves from simple to complex, general to specific
200
Health choices: Beliefs
- Can be individual or family-centered
- Ideas, values, opinions and assumptions
- Often viewed as right vs wrong
- May be due to direct or indirect experiences
Ex: palliative care
200
What is subjective poverty?
insufficient income to meet needs of expenses
300
What is primary health care?
foundation of Canada’s health system,
entry into the system & continuity of care,
emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention,
integrated approach “health for all”,
intersectoral approach
300
SDOH: Social Environments
Social safety net, social exclusion, disability
Increase risk of risky behaviours
Minority groups, indigenous, LGBTQ2, poverty, single mothers, new canadians, racialized groups → LIMITS ACCESS
Goal: education, support, safety, positive working relationships, stable, cohesive
300
Erikson's Theory: Preschool
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 yrs)
- Teach about cooperation and control, helping them learn about independence.
- Fantasy and imagination that can conflict with desire to explore and limits placed on behaviors- can lead to frustration/guilt.
300
What is the Health beliefs model?
How our beliefs influence our ability to change
- Perceived susceptibility, seriousness of the threat and how imminent the threat might be. (why people who are illness-free take actions to avoid illness, whereas others fail to take preventive actions)
300
How do you create safe spaces?
Through advocacy, awareness and knowledge we can learn and improve the nursing profession.
Do not be the expert- practice with cultural humility and safety.
Implement trauma informed practice and harm reduction. A step in the right direction to mitigate structural violence
400
What is Canada Health transfer
Canada health transfer → money the federal government provided for provinces and territories (eliminated if user charges or extra billing)
2 provisions: user charges and extra billing - - covered already you can't bill again
2 conditions: information and recognition
400
List the SDOH
- Income and income distribution
- Education and literacy (health literacy)
- Unemployment, job security
- Early childhood development
- Physical environments
- Health services
- Gender
- Culture, Race and Racism
- Social Environments
400
Piaget stages: concrete operational
*7-12yrs
- child can think logically about concrete objects and can add/subtract
- child understands conservation
400
What is the transtheoretical model of change?
People progress through stages before making change:
1. Pre-contemplation – no plans to take action
2. Contemplation – acknowledges need for change
3. Preparation – intends to take action immediately
4. Action – actively implements the behaviour
5. Maintenance – strives to prevent relapse
6. Termination – problem is no longer a threat
Cyclic – people move through the stages in order, however relapse to earlier stage is possible.
400
Creating safe spaces: harm reduction
Harm reduction is the umbrella term for programs, policies and practices that aim to reduce the negative consequences associated with behaviours that are typically considered high risk.
Focused on increasing safety and minimizing injury, disease and death related to high risk behaviours such as substance use.
Harm Reduction is also a movement for social justice, built on a belief in, and respect for, the rights of people who use drugs
500
What are the 5 principles of the Canada Health Act
Public Administration
Must be carried out by a public authority on a non-profit basis. Also must be accountable to the province/territory
Comprehensiveness
All necessary health services, including hospitals, physicians and surgical dentists, must be insured
Universality
All insured residents are entitled to the same level of health care
- Portability
A resident that moves to a different province is still entitled to coverage from their home province during a minimum waiting period
- Accessibility
All insured persons have reasonable access to health care facilities, must be provided reasonable compensation for service
500
What is interactive health literacy?
- more advanced cognitive literacy skills that with social skills, can be used to actively participate in everyday situations, extract information and derive meaning from different forms of communication, and apply this to changing circumstances
500
What is kohlberg's moral development theory?
Looked at Piaget’s and said that moral and cognitive happen together! No specific age.
- 3 levels and 6 stages
500
What are interventions for health behaviour change?
1) Raise consciousness – awareness of benefits and risk
2) Self-reevaluation – pride vs. guilt
3) Promote self-efficacy – you CAN do it. Praise, positive feedback, persuasion, and reassurance increases confidence.
4) Enhance the benefits of change – add immediate rewards and reinforcement, use baseline data to measure progress
5) Control the environment – eliminate or restrict cues to the undesired behavior
6) Manage barriers to change - clear goals, skill, feeling of control of the environment, motivation.
READINESS + FEW BARRIERS + PLAN = ACTION
500
What is Canada doing? (homelessness)
Prevent and reduce homelessness
Canada's homelessness strategy:
Outcome-based
Community specific needs
Current and comprehensive access
Knowledge
Immediate access for HCP
Resources
Public knowledge
Safe & affordable housing
Immediate access
Consumer choice
Recovery oriented
Individualized
Social/community integration