Let Me See Your Pee
The 5 components of urine:
water, waste products, urea, creatinine, uric acid
This disorder is a urological obstruction that results in hard, small stones blocking the renal/urinary tract. It is managed by lithotripsy, medications, and teaching patients to strain all urine.
What are renal calculi or renal stones.
Name 5 signs and symptoms associated with anemia.
What are: pallor, elevated respiratory rate, clubbed fingers, activity intolerance, and shortness of breath.
Thrombocytosis (high levels) and Thrombocytopenia (low levels) are terms used to describe this component of blood.
What are platelets. Normal range of platelets is: 150,000-450,000
This renal disorder involves the progressive loss of nephrons and leads to fluid accumulation, retention of waste products, edema, acid-base imbalances, and anemia.
What is Chronic Kidney Disease.
This major process of the kidneys contributes to the formation of urine. It is calculated to determine overall kidney function as the amount of filtrate formed in 1 minute.
What is the glomerular filtration.
This renal disorder is hereditary and involves multiple cysts that form in the kidney.
This blood disorder is associated with a lack of intrinsic factor used to absorb vitamin B-12.
What is pernicious anemia.
Leukocytosis (high levels) and leukopenia (low levels) are used to describe this component of blood.
What are white blood cells. Normal range for WBCs: 4500-11,000
A nursing intervention for this bleeding disorder where patients are missing clotting factors 8 and 9 includes avoiding IM injections.
What is hemophilia.
The abnormal findings of this urine test include: presence of RBCs and WBCs, bacteria, nitrates, protein, and a specific gravity of 1.050
What is urinalysis.
These findings indicate a UTI.
This renal disorder occurs as a result of chronic high blood pressure that causes changes in the kidney vasculature.
What is nephrosclerosis.
This disorder is associated with major trauma and involves a condition where clotting factors are depleted which leads to major blood loss. Treatment includes the administration of blood products and cryoprecipitates.
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Polycythemia (high levels) and anemia (low levels) are used to describe this component of blood.
What are red blood cells. Normal range:
Male: 4.71–5.14 million/mm3
Female: 4.2–4.87 million/mm3
True or false? Patients receiving hemodialysis can utilize their access site for routine blood draws.
False.
Decreased size and tone of the bladder muscle lead to these 4 changes that are associated with aging and the urinary system.
What are: dysuria, frequency, incontinence, and retention.
This kidney disorder often occurs after an acute strep infection and involves inflammation of the glomerulus. Signs and symptoms include flank pain, edema, and HTN.
What is glomerulonephritis.
This disorder is associated with the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and painless swelling of the cervical and axillary nodes.
What is Hodgkin Disease (lymphoma)
This lab value is waste product of muscle metabolism and is considered the BEST indicator of kidney function.
What is Creatinine. The higher the level, the more impaired the kidney function.
Normal levels:
Male: 0.61–1.21 mg/dL
Female: 0.51–1.11 mg/dL
Which physical assessment data is the best indicator of fluid balance in patients with kidney disorders?
What are daily weights.
Name the 7 functions of the kidneys.
What are: formation of urine, excretion or conservation of water, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, activation of vitamin D, production of erythropoietin, and production of renin.
This renal disorder is caused by the administration of nephrotoxic drugs or contrast dyes used as part of diagnostic imaging. It may require short term hemodialysis in severe cases.
What is Acute Kidney Injury.
Name 5 complications/reactions associated with a blood transfusion.
What are: Acute lung injury, febrile reaction, urticarial reaction, hemolytic reaction, and anaphylactic reaction
This lab value is a waste product of protein metabolism that is used to identify kidney function.
What is BUN (Blood urea nitrogen)
Normal levels:
Adult: 8–21 mg/dL
Over age 90: 10–31 mg/dL
This test is used to diagnose several hematological disorders and involves aspiration of the bone marrow for evaluation under a microscope.
What is a bone marrow biopsy.
In aplastic anemia: bone marrow is pale, fatty, yellow, and fibrous
In polycythemia: bone marrow shows mutation of genes
In leukemia: bone marrow shows degree of proliferation