History
What are trephinations?
Holes in the skull thought to treat headaches, brain swelling, and evil spirits
What are the four families of organic molecules that build life?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
What is the major difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
What does it mean to be selectively permeable?
Membrane is choosy about what moves in and out of the cell
What is evolution?
How species change over time
What are localizationists?
Believed that certain areas, and only those areas, performed certain mental functions
What is the function of lipids?
Long-term energy storage
Cell membrane structure
What is the function of ribosomes?
Synthesizes new proteins with instructions from RNA
What is osmosis?
Facilitated transport that moves water across a membrane
What is differing reproduction?
Individuals in a population will reproduce at different rates and have a varying number of offspring
What are holists?
Believed that the whole brain was involved in mental functions, without areas of specialization
What are the two types of unsaturated fatty acids and why are they different?
Cis - hydrogens on same side of double bond
Trans - hydrogens on opposite side of double bond
What are the three structures in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells?
Nucleoid Region
Ribosomes
Thylakoids
What happens to the cell when there is low H2O on the outside?
What happens where there is low H2O on the inside?
Outside: Shrivels from lost water
Inside: Swells from extra water
Who were the first people to apply paleontology, gradualism, and economics to organisms?
Charles Darwin
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
What is dualism and who proposed it?
Humans have a material mind and a non-material soul
Rene Descartes
What is the difference between DNA and RNA? What base pairs does each contain?
DNA - double stranded, contains A, G, T, and C
RNA - single stranded, contains A, G, U, and C
What are the levels of organization in organisms?
Cell
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
What are the five types of membrane proteins found in cell membranes?
Channel Protein
Carrier Protein
Receptor Protein
Enzymatic Protein
Cell-Recognition Protein
1. Variation in traits in a population
2. Competition for resources
3. Differing reproductive success
4. Accumulation of Adaptations
What did the Egyptians think about the heart and brain?
Heart was the center of mental functions
Damage to the brain could lead to paralysis
What are the three examples of disaccharides and how are they created?
Sucrose - table sugar: glucose + fructose
Lactose - milk sugar: glucose + galactose
Maltose - malt sugar: glucose + glucose
What is the difference between Transcription and Translation?
Transcription - DNA serves as the template for making RNA
Translation - RNA serves as the template for making protein
What are three types of solutions cells can be placed in based on tonicity and what do they mean?
Isotonic Solution - equal solute:water concentration on both sides of membrane
Hypertonic Solution - higher solute:lower water concentration on outside compared to inside of cells
Hypotonic Solution - lower solute:higher water concentration on the outside compared to inside
What are the pieces of evidence for evolution?
Fossils
ANatomy
Biochemistry
Observable Evolution