UNIT 1
The main refractor of light in the eye.
What is the cornea?
This is 2mm2 and contains many cells that all respond to different orientations of light stimuli but in the same receptive field.
What is a hypercolumn?
This is where the first binocular neurons are found.
Where is V1?
This is found in the scala media and is high in potassium.
What is the endolymph?
Flavor perceptions is primarily processed here.
What is the Orbitofrontal Cortex?
This allows for experimenters to find absolute threshold of a participant by presenting that participant with random stimulus intensities.
What is Method of Constant Stimuli?
The ________ stream of vision deals with object recognition and the __________ stream of vision deals with object location.
[dorsal, ventral]
Towards
List the ossicles in order.
Malleus --> incus --> stapes
What cell/region plays a role in DNIC that doesn't play a role in Wind-up?
Periaqueductal Grey (PAG)
What is the role of the trabecular meshwork?
Allows for the drainage of aqueous humor.
Draw the affected visual field of someone with damage to their left optic nerve.
[see drawing]
You are looking at 2 chapsticks that appear to be the same size. You can tell this isn't true and know that one you are NOT foveating on is larger and further away because of ________ disparity.
(bonus $100 for monocular cues that could work too)
uncrossed
Amplify the movement of the basilar membrane through rapid cell body length changes.
Each glomeruli in the olfactory bulb responds to different __________.
ORNs (with the same olfactory receptors).
When an ON-Bipolar cells is firing at its maximum, the associated horizontal cell is (most/least) active?
Most
What Gestalt principle is specifically associated with the firing of V2 neurons?
Closure
Where is reg-green color opponency processed?
Parvocellular layers of LGN
Why do humans not have perfect pitch perception over 5,000 Hz?
We cannot phase lock.
This would cause a loss of pain sensation in your right back and legs and a loss of touch sensation in your left back and legs.
What is a left hemisection of your thoracic spinal cord.
Write out the trasnduction of light in a rod.
light --> 11-cis retinal --> all-trans retinal --> conformational change to rhodopsin --> G-protein activates --> converts GDP to GTP --> alpha subunit separates --> activates phosphodiesterase --> cleaves cGMP to GMP --> Na+ channels close --> hyperpolarization --> Glu release decreases
Draw the receptive field of an LGN neuron.
[see drawing]
MST receives a CDS from the SC, but not an IMS from the retina. What is happening?
You are tracking a moving object in the environment with your eyes.
A 15,000 Hz sound will activate:
______ of the basilar membrane, utilizing
______ to determine azimuth location,
which is processed in the ___________.
[base, ILD, lateral superior olive]
Write out the steps of transduction within a sweet taste receptor.
T1R2 and T1R3 dimerize --> glucose binds --> g-protein activates --> phospholipase C avticates --> PIP2 to IP3 conversion --> internal Ca2+ stores released --> opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels --> release of ATP.