NSG 101 F&E, Acid-Base

BASIC TERMS

100

This is the dynamic process in which the body maintains balance by constantly adjusting internal and external stimuli

Homeostasis

200

These two systems are involved in providing "feedback" to help with regulation

 NERVOUS SYSTEM and ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Nervous system uses NERVES

Endocrine system uses HORMONES

300

These are the two main "compartments" that hold body fluids

Intracellular fluid

stabilizing agent for parts of cell, cell shape, assist with nutrient transport across, into, and out of cell

Extracellular fluid

 interstitial tissue fluid and intravascular fluid

400

The term for daily intake matching daily output

EUVOLEMIA

500

The excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces

EDEMA

aka "third spacing" 

Edema is the result of a disruption of the filtration and osmotic forces of the body's circulating fluids

E-LYTES

100

Electrolytes are a substance that will disassociate into THIS when dissolved in water

IONS

200

Potassium, magnesium, phosphate, sulfate

INTRACELLULAR ELECTROLYTES

300

Sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate

EXTRACELLULAR ELECTROLYTES

400

Muscle cramps, palpitations, weakness may mean THIS electrolyte is low

POTASSIUM

500

Low HR, Low BP, difficult/slow breathing 

Signs of HIGH magnesium

HypO or HypER

100

Symptoms of this include anorexia, n/v, headache, confusion, dry skin, edema

HYPONATREMIA

200

Positive Chvostek and Trousseau Signs indicate this

HYPOcalcemia- other signs are numbness, tingling, seizures, irritability, bronchospasm

 (Chvostek- facial twitch when tapping on nerve, Trousseau-spasm/tetany with BP cuff inflated)

300

Symptoms are chest pain, nystagmus, paresthesias, bone pain and tenderness, tissue hypoxia

HYPOphosphatemia

400

Signs are constipation, muscle weakness, hypoactive DTRs, flank pain

HYPERcalcemia

500

Signs are thirst, elevated body temp, hallucinations, lethargy, restlesness, twitching, pulmonary edema

HYPERnatremia

HODGE PODGE

100

This is an intervention for a patient with hyponatremia

-Assess for s/s nausea and malaise

-Monitor neuro status

-Restrict water intake

-Administer meds/fluids as ordered (sodium tabs, sodium-containing IV fluids

-Etc

200

This is a nursing intervention for excess fluid volume.

Monitor VS and possible CVP

Daily weights

Assess for vein distention, edema, dyspnea

Monitor I&O

Assess edema

Replace electrolytes

Administer diuretics as ordered

300

Normal range for pH

7.35-7.45

400

Among other values, this blood test includes ALT/AST, Alkaline Phosphatase, total protein, Albumin, and bilirubin

CMP

BMP- BUN and creatinine, glucose, carbon dioxide, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride

500

Fever, chills, altered BP, respiratory difficulty, pain in chest/flank, n/v, rash are all signs of THIS

Blood transfusion reaction

Treatment: Stop transfusion, keep IV open with saline, given benadryl/possibly steroids, KEEP THE BLOOD to send back to lab, consult MD for lab testing orders

Acid/Base Balance

100

Pt with NG tube to Low wall suction is at risk of developing this imbalance

metabolic alkalosis

r) loss of hydrogen ions (think stomach acid)

200

Pt with RR of 8 is expected to have this imbalance

Increased CO2, possible respiratory acidosis

300

Pt having an anxiety attack, breathing 40 times a minute may have this.

Decreased CO2, respiratory alkalosis

400

These are common causes of metabolic acidosis.

Lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis (increased production, such as in sepsis or DKA)

Renal failure (reduced H+ excretion)

Diarrhea (excessive bicarb loss)

500

These two organs work together to maintain acid-base balance

Lungs

Kidneys