Stages of Renal Failure
What eGFR value indicates Stage 1 CKD?
What is >90 mL/min?
What is the primary symptom of pulmonary embolism?
What is sudden shortness of breath?
What is the primary cause of Hepatitis A?
What is a viral infection transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
What is a common clinical manifestation of liver failure?
What is jaundice?
A patient with AKI presents with a serum K+ level of 6.5 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?
include monitoring the ECG for changes, administering calcium gluconate to stabilize cardiac membranes, and preparing for dialysis if necessary. Ensuring the patient avoids potassium-rich foods is also critical.
Describe the RIFLE classification in acute kidney injury.
What are Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End Stage Kidney Disease?
Which diagnostic test is considered the standard for detecting pulmonary embolism?
What is a CT angiography?
Which hepatitis virus is most commonly associated with chronic liver disease?
What is Hepatitis C?
Describe the relationship between portal hypertension and liver failure.
What is increased pressure in the portal venous system due to liver dysfunction?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is classified in stage 3 What is the expected eGFR for this patient?
30-59
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic kidney disease?
What is the duration and underlying cause of kidney damage?
What is the main complication associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
What is severe hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen therapy?
Identify one symptom of acute hepatitis.
What is jaundice or fatigue?
Identify a nursing intervention to prevent bleeding in patients with liver failure.
What is monitoring for signs of bleeding and maintaining safe environments?
Identify the cations
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+
Identify one common laboratory finding in patients with end-stage kidney disease.
What is an increased serum creatinine level?
What is the treatment goal for patients diagnosed with ARDS?
What is to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation?
Describe one non-pharmacological intervention for managing hepatitis.
What is dietary modifications or rest?
What is lactulose used for in patients with liver failure?
What is to reduce serum ammonia levels?
Fluid shift and edema are influenced by
Capillary hydrostatic pressure ↑, plasma oncotic pressure ↓, interstitial oncotic pressure ↑. Leads to edema.
Name a major risk factor for developing kidney disease.
What is diabetes or hypertension?
Identify a pharmacologic intervention used in managing ARDS.
What is the use of corticosteroids?
Explain the significance of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in diagnosis.
What is an indicator of active hepatitis B infection?
Explain the role of vitamin K in the management of liver failure.
What is to aid in the synthesis of clotting factors?
Identify signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalances
Hypernatremia: thirst, agitation. Hyponatremia: confusion, nausea. Hyperkalemia: tall T waves. Hypokalemia: U waves. Hypercalcemia: lethargy. Hypocalcemia: tetany (Chvostek, Trousseau signs).