Cranial Nerve
(Sensory Cranial Nerve) Sense of Smell
What is the Cranial Nerve
Sense of smell
What is the olfactory nerve (I)
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and central nerves (I) and (II).
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)
Client describes difficulty swallowing, imaging shows lesions involving motor pathways of cranial nerves (IX) and (X), including lower brain stem.
What is dysphagia
These are chemicals that affect the transmission of impulses across the synaptic cleft.
What are Neurotransmitters
(Sensory Cranial Nerve) Vision
What is the Optic Nerve
Sensation of the face, corneal reflexes, and jaw movements.
What is the Trigeminal Nerve (V)
Consists of cranial nerves (III) to (XII), spinal nerves, and the peripheral components
What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Client assessment reveals the paralysis of the eye muscles, and imaging shows lesions in the brainstem
What is Ophthalmoplegia
Name the Excitatory neurotransmitters that activate postsynaptic receptors that increase the chance that an action potential will be generated.
What are epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glutamate?
(Motor Cranial Nerve) Movement of the eyelids, dilation of pupils, and coordinated movement of the eyes.
What is the Oculomotor Nerve
Sense of hearing and balance
What is the Acoustic Nerve (VIII)
These are the main functional units of the nervous system, and they come in many shapes and sizes.
What are Neurons
Client complains of double vision, and imaging shows lesions affecting nerves of extraocular muscles and cerebellar damage.
What is Diplopia
Name the inhibitory neurotransmitters that activate postsynaptic receptors to decrease the chance that an action potential will be generated.
What are serotonin, y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dopamine?
(Motor Cranial Nerve) Movement of the shoulders and some neck muscles.
What is the Spinal Accessory Nerve
Sense of taste, movement of the tongue for swallowing/gag reflex, and phonation
What is the Glossopharyngeal Nerve
These provide support, nourishment, and protection to the neurons
What are the Glial Cells
Nursing assessment reveals the client is stuporous, mute, slow response to verbal cues or pain stimulus, inability to recognize self, bodily defect, or disease.
What is Altered Consciousness Anosognosia
This includes the midbrain, pons, and the medulla
What is the brainstem?
(Sensory and Motor Cranial Nerve) Sense of taste, movement of the tongue for swallowing/gag reflex, and phonation
What is the Vagus Nerve
Facial movement, taste, and salivation
What is the Facial Nerve
Is the structural and functional junction between 2 neurons
What is a Synapse
Lack of coordination of movement
What is Ataxia
This fluid is made largely in the choroid plexuses of the brain within the ventricles
What is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)