Topic 1
What are the components of a General Survey?
Physical appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior.
What are three (out of nine) techniques of therapeutic communication?
Facilitation, Silence, Reflection, Empathy, Clarification, Confrontation, Interpretation, Explanation, and Summary
What are the the key differences between acute and chronic pain?
Acute-short duration, sudden onset, usually caused by tissue injury or damage
Chronic- Duration lasts longer than 6 months, can be either cancerous or non cancerous.
What does ABC stand for?
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
A nurse assesses an oral temperature for an adult patient. The patient's temperature is 37.5 degrees Celsius or 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit. What term would the nurse use to report this temperature?
A. Febrile
B. Hypothermia
C. Hypertension
D. Afebrile
D. Afebrile
What is the difference between objective and subjective data?
Objective data- factual information (Vitals, labs)
Subjective data- Information the patient provides (pain, nausea, symptoms)
What are the three main disorders that lead to altered cognitive status?
Dementia, Delirrium, and Depression.
Name some of the different assessment techniques.
Inspection
Palpitation
Percussion
Auscultation
What does PHI stand for?
Personal Health Information
While taking an adult patient's pulse, a nurse finds the rate to be 140 beats/min. What should the nurse do next?
a. Check the pulse again in 2 hours.
b. Check the blood pressure.
c. Record the information.
d. Report the rate to the primary care provider.
D. Report the rate to the primary care provider.
What is the main objective behind a focused assessment?
A focused assessment is used to gather quick data used to identify and specific symptoms of the patient.
How does being culturally competent as a healthcare worker help provide better care for the client?
We can better understand and evaluate the patient beliefs about their health, illness, coping mechanisms, and wellness behaviors.
What does the acronym PQRST stand for?
Provocation/palliation
Quality/quantity
Radiating/Region
Severity
Time
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
A patient is having dyspnea. What would the nurse do first?
a. Remove pillows from under the head
b. Elevate the head of the bed
c. Elevate the foot of the bed
d. Take the blood pressure
b. Elevate the head of the bed
Name factors of health promotion and disease prevention.
What are some key components for obtaining an accurate current health history?
Record who is providing the information
Judge reliability of the information being presented.
Note the appearance of the patient-well/ill
What is breakthrough pain?
A transitory increase in pain that occurs on a background of otherwise controlled persistent pain
What are open ended questions useful for?
Used to help introduce a patient to a new topic, and allows for an increase in the discussion that can allow for new information to be given.
A patient has intravenous fluids infusing in the right arm. When taking a blood pressure on this patient, what would the nurse do in this situation?
a. Take the blood pressure in the right arm
b. Take the blood pressure in the left arm
c. Use the smallest possible cuff
d. Report inability to take the blood pressure
B. Take the blood pressure in the left arm
What are some of the five steps used in evidence-based practice?
1. Ask the clinical question
2. Acquire sources of evidence
3. Appraise and synthesize evidence
4. Apply relevant evidence in practice
5. Assess the outcomes
Why should you use open ended questions when interviewing the patient?
Used to introduce a new section or whenever a patient introduces a new topic. Questions allow for increased discussion.
Name some of the changes that can occur in a patient who is experiencing uncontrolled/ poorly controlled pain?
Tachycardia, Hypertension, Dilated pupils, Perspiration, Pallor, Rapid and shallow breathing, Urinary retention, Reduced bowel motility, Elevated glucose levels
During a general survey, what are the characteristics of body structure to take into account?
Stature, Nutrition, Symmetry, posture, exceptions, position, body builder/contour, and obvious physical deformities.
An 82-year-old widower brought via ambulance is admitted to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of
breath, anorexia, and malaise. He recently visited his health care provider and was put on an antibiotic for pneumonia. The client indicates that he also takes a diuretic and a beta blocker, which helps his "high blood." Which vital sign value would take priority in initiating care?
A) Respiration rate = 22 breaths per minute
B) Oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry = 94%
C) Blood pressure = 138/84
D) Temperature = 39°C (102°F)
D) Temperature = 39° C (102°F)