Call in Sick
Type of prevention that aims to prevent disease from occurring by targeting healthy individuals before they are susceptible, such as vaccinations or seatbelts.
Primary
A type of pathogen that enters the host cell to cause damage by using its processes to survive without the use of toxins, which will ultimately cause self-destruction.
Virus
As you age and your blood vessels harden over time, will the elasticity of your pulmonary vessels increase or decrease?
Decrease.
Lack of oxygen, which causes an increase in lactic acid.
Hypoxia
The beta cells of the pancreas secrete this hormone when it detects high levels of blood sugar and when the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in. It helps push glucose into the cell.
Insulin
If you have gestational diabetes, will your risk of diabetes increase or decrease later in life?
Increase.
Presence of this means you may develop the disease especially if you do not do anything about it.
Risk Factor
Does carbon monoxide increase or decrease oxygen bound to hemoglobin?
Decrease
Cellular adaptation that involves a decrease in cell size to minimize energy and nutrition consumption; an example would be decreased use of an arm after a fracture
Atrophy
Mineralocorticoid that is secreted during stress by conserving urine, increasing blood volume, and increasing blood pressure.
Aldosterone
Secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas in times of stress and starvation.
Glucagon
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 1: Beta Cell Destruction
Type 2: Insulin Resistance
Disease that spreads to many people at the same time in a given area
Epidemic
Cellular death in a large area of tissue.
Gangrene
Cellular adaptation that refers to the increase in cell size, such as hepatomegaly due to bodily toxins.
Hypertrophy
What are the stages of Stress Response?
Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.
Where is glycogen stored? And what do you call the process where it is broken down into glucose?
Liver and Muscles
Glycogenolysis
Give 3 risk factors of metabolic syndrome.
Age
Sedentary lifestyle
Native Americans/Hispanic Americans
Set of signs and symptoms where etiology has not yet been determined.
Syndrome
Influx of this electrolyte is involved in coagulative necrosis after ischemia has occurred and after the plasma membrane cannot maintain electro-chemical gradient.
Calcium
Type of cellular adaptation pertains to an increase in the number of cells, such as increased red blood cells in high-elevation areas.
Hyperplasia
Sudden increase in severity of disease or signs or symptoms.
Exacerbation
Widely considered as the best test for diabetes. How often do you need to test?
Hemoglobin A1C; 3 months
Give 3 effects of exercise on the body.
Decrease Insulin
Increase Glucagon
Increase Insulin Sensitivity
Period when the first signs and symptoms appear which marks the onset of the disease.
Prodromal
Type of irreversible cellular injury that takes place when it suffers injury that DOES NOT directly kill the cell; aka cellular suicide.
Apoptosis
Type of cellular adaptation that can lead to cancer.
Dysplasia
Cause is due to medications or treatment.
Iatrogenic
What A1C level is prediabetes and full diabetes?
5.7-6.4
>6.5
Since Diabetes Type I involves "cellular starvation," what two processes of glucose metabolism are involved?
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Consequence of a previous disease or injury
Sequela
Type of irreversible injury that occurs after ischemia. This alters electrochemical gradient, which then allows calcium to rush into the mitochondria.
Coagulative Necrosis
A reversible type of cell injury that occurs due to a malfunction of the sodium-potassium pumps.
Stage after recovery from a disease.
Convalescence
Which glucose transporter is insulin dependent and where are they usually found?
GLUT 4; heart, skeletal muscle cells, and adipose cells
What are the signs of metabolic syndrome?
HDL Low
High cholesterol (triglycerides)
High blood sugar (insulin resistance)
High blood pressure
Heavy / Hug not achievable