Sodium
What is the normal range for sodium (NA)?
135-145
What organ is responsible for excreting 80% of the body's potassium?
Kindneys through urine
What patient group is at risk for chronic calcium loss?
post menopausal women
Where is magnesium most commonly stored in the body?
Bones and cartilage
Why are older adults high risk for dehydration?
They have less total body water than young adults
Complete this statement: Where sodium goes _________follows.
Water
When administering Potassium via IV for severe hypokalemia, what are two things that the nurse must remember?
Never give IM, SC, or IVP
pharmacy can only mix potassium in a bag of fluids
Infiltration can cause tissue to become necrotic
Potassium must be diluted
What neuromuscular assessment is indicative of hypocalcemia with a positive result?
positive trousseaus and Chvostek's sign (tell me how you assess these and what a positive result looks like)
What are tow major causes of hypomagnesemia?
Inadequate intake and loop diuretics
Malnutritition
starvation
diarrhea
Crohn's disease
What are 2 assessments to look for in infants and young kids with hypovolemia
Unusually sleeps or drowsy
crying, but not producin tears
dry or sticky tongue
dry mouth
You are caring for a patient diagnosed with hyponatremia (sodium <135). WHat would you expect to find when you assess the gastrointestinal system?
Hyperactive bowel sounds and frequent stools.
Name 3 foods high in potassium
Avocados, broccoli, and bananas
Meats-organs, dairy products, dried fruit, mushrooms, beans/peas, potatoes, spinach
What neuromuscular assessment findings are indicative of hypercalcemia?
Decreased deep tendon reflexes
When serum magnesium is high what is calcium?
calcium and magnesium are the same so it would also be high
Hypovolemic shock
If your patient with hyponatremia has muscle weaness, what body system would you assess first?
Respiratory effectiveness or respiratory status.
What diuretic can lead to hypokalemia (generic name)
furosemide
When caring for a patient with hypercalcemia, the nurse knows that cardiovascular changes are the most serious and life-threatening. What does the nurse need to monitor regularly?
Heart rate and blood pressure
any indication of poor perfusion
What signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?
Cardiovasular byradarcia, hypotension
respiratory respiratory insufficiency when the skeletal muscles of respiration are involved
neuromuscular diministed or absent deep tendon reflexes. skeletarl muscle weakness
central nervous system drowsines and lethary the progress to coma
What positions do you place the patient in to obtain an orthostatic blood pressure?
Lying, sitting, and standing
Nutritional therapy for a patient with hypernatremia would focus on what two things?
Adequate water intake and decreased sodium intake with kidney problems
What ekg changes would you watch for with a serum Potassium level of 5.7?
tall, spiked T waves
also-prolonged PR interval, flat or abseent T-waves, wide QRS comples)
When treating hypercalcemia, what IV fluids and IV medication would you expect to be on your order sheet?
0.9% normal saline and furosemide
What foods have magnesium?
avocado, leafy greens, milk, wheat, peanut butter, pork/beef/chicken, potatoes, yogurt
Name two solutions that can be used to correct volume deficit
0.9% normal saline, lactated ringers solution