The Family
The nurse preceptor at the clinic is discussing types of families with the new grad nurses. The preceptor would include what definition of a traditional family?
A. Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption who live together
B. Two or more people who have chosen to live together and share interests, roles, and resources.
C. Two or more people who live together and split all the bills evenly
D. None of the above
Answer: A. Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption who live together.
Which Piaget stage of cognitive development would you expect a newborn to be in?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Formal Operations
D. Concrete Operational
Answer: B. Sensorimotor (Birth to 2 years)
For a bonus 500 points: What Piaget stage of cognitive development would school age children be in?
BONUS POINTS: Concrete Operational (6-12 years old)
What Piaget cognitive stage of development would you expect a 3 year old to be in?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Formal Operations
D. Concrete Operational
Answer: A. Preoperational (2-6 years)
For a bonus 500 points: What Piaget stage of cognitive development would you expect a preschooler to be in?
BONUS POINTS: Preoperational (2-6 years)
Which Piaget stage of cognitive development would you expect a preschooler to be in?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Formal Operations
D. Post-operational
Answer: A. Preoperational (2-6 years)
For a bonus 500 points: What age range are children in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?
BONUS POINTS: Sensorimotor (ages Birth to 2 years)
Which Piaget stage of cognitive development would you expect a seven year old to be in?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Formal Operations
D. Concrete Operational
Answer: D. Concrete Operational (6-12 years)
For a bonus 500 points: What Piaget cognitive stage of development would you expect a toddler to be in?
BONUS POINTS: Toddlers ages are 1-3, so, either Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) or Preoperational (2-6 years)
These are the two periods in an individual's life where growth and development occurs at a rapid rate.
A. Infancy and middle adulthood
B. Puberty and adulthood
C. Infancy and puberty
D. School aged and elderly
Answer: C. Infancy and puberty are two stages where growth and development occur at a rapid rate.
For a bonus 500 points: T or F. Growth and development occur at a slow and steady rate at all other stages of growth and development outside of infancy and puberty.
BONUS POINTS: True
What are the stages of cognitive development according to Piaget?
A. Sensorimotor (Birth to 2 years old)
B. Preoperational (2-6)
C. Concrete Operational (6-12)
D. Formal Operations (12-15 and up)
This is the definition of a modern family.
A. Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption who live together
B. Two or more people who have chosen to live together and share interests, roles, and resources.
C. Two or more people who live together and split all the bills evenly
D. None of the above
B. Two or more people who have chosen to live together and share interests, roles, and resources
You are assessing a newborn during a routine well-child visit. The child begins sucking on his fingers and turning his head towards his mother. The mother stated he his hungry as she prepares a bottle of breastmilk for her child. As the nurse, you understand that the child is gaining a sense of:
A. Trust
B. Mistrust
C. Autonomy
D. Shame and doubt
Answer: Trust
For a bonus 500 points: What theorist and stage is being discussed in the question?
For an additional bonus 500 points: As the nurse, do you expect the child in the questions to be experiencing rapid growth or slow and steady growth?
BONUS POINTS: Erik Erikson Trust vs Mistrust (Infant)
Rapid Growth: Rapid growth occurs in infancy and in puberty
This is the psychosocial stage of development for toddlers according to Erik Erikson.
A. Trust vs Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
C. Industry vs Inferiority
D. Ego Integrity vs Despair
Answer: B. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
For a bonus 500 points: What tasks can the nurse educate parents to include to promote autonomy in their toddlers?
BONUS POINTS: Put on their own shoes, pour their own food or drinks, feeding self safe finger foodsallow the child to select their clothes to wear for the day. Important to promote SAFE autonomy.
These are the preschool years according to Polan and Taylor:
A. 1-3 years old
B. Birth to 12 months old
C. 3-6 years old
D. 6-12 years old
Answer: C. 3-6 years old
These are the school age years according to Polan and Taylor:
A. 1-3 years old
B. Birth to 12 months old
C. 3-6 years old
D. 6-12 years old
Answer: D. 6-12 years old
T or F. Growth and development occurs in a cephalocaudal (begins at the feet and progresses towards the head) and a proximodistal (begins with the extremities and then progresses to the center of the body) pattern.
Answer: FALSE. Growth and development occurs in a cephalocaudal (begins at the HEAD and progresses towards the FEET) and a proximodistal (begins at the (CENTER OF THE BODY and progresses to the EXTREMITIES).
A 16 year old student decided to go to college instead of joining the military based on his personal goals. As the nurse, you understand the student is developing:
A. Industry
B. Intimacy
C. Identity
D. Integrity
Answer: Identity
For a bonus 500 points, what stage and age group is this according to Erik Erikson?
BONUS POINTS: Identity vs Role Confusion (Teenager)
Dysfunctional families have the following characteristics. Select all that apply:
A. Conflicts handled separately from one another
B. Differences between members are not accepted
C. Display antisocial behaviors if not able to cope with conflict
D. Unable to offer stability and security
Answer: A, B, C, D
A parent brings an 8-month-old crying baby in for a wellness examination. Which observation indicates the parent is supporting the baby’s development of trust versus mistrust?
A. Rocks the baby
B. Tells the baby to be quiet
C. Places the baby in a carrier
D. Raises the voice to talk over the crying
Answer A. Rocks the baby
You are assessing a toddler. Which behavior would indicate that the child is in the developmental stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
A. Says “no” to taking off shoes
B. Laughs when the belly is touched
C. Likes the stethoscope placed in the ears
D. Looks at the parent during the examination
Answer: A. Says "no" to taking off shoes
Reminder: while encouraging autonomy and independence, safe independence is key!
T or F. The protuberant abdomen and exaggerated lumbar curvature (lordosis) of toddlerhood disappear during the preschool years.
Answer: True. During the preschool years, children have a much more slender look due to the loss of some of the subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Growth and development occurs:
A. slowly, steadily and continuously throughout the entire lifespan
B. In an orderly sequence with later skills building on earlier mastered skills
C. In an orderly sequence with earlier skills building on later mastered skills
D. In a randomized, disorganized, and totally unpredictable pattern
Answer: B. In an orderly sequence with later skills building on earlier mastered skills.
You are preparing a program on the different theories of personality. Which theory would you identify as the foundation for other theories of development?
A. Cognitive theory
B. Psychosocial theory
C. Psychoanalytic theory
D. Moral development theory
Answer: C. Psychoanalytical Theory (Sigmund Freud)
These are the characteristics of Functional Familie
A. Conflicts handled separately from one another
B. Differences between members are not accepted
C. Display antisocial behaviors if not able to cope with conflict
D. Unable to offer stability and security
E. None of the above
Answer: E. None of the above
For a bonus 500 points: What are the characteristics of a functional family?
•Problems are solved together as a family unit
•Open to other member’s point of view
•Seek outside help if not able to cope with conflicts
•Members feel secure and safe
A parent brings an 8-month-old crying baby in for a wellness examination. Which observation indicates the parent is not supporting the baby’s development of trust versus mistrust? Select all that apply.
A. Rocks the baby
B. Tells the baby to be quiet
C. Places the baby in a carrier
D. Raises the voice to talk over the crying
Answer: B, C, D
Name some activities that the nurse can encourage parents to include to support autonomy versus shame and doubt in the toddler. Select all that apply.
A. Allow the child to select clothes to wear to school
B. Encourage self-feeding
C. Allow time for the child to dress and undress themselves
D. Encourage children to make simple decisions to foster a sense of independence
Answer: A, B, C, D
The nurse is educating parents on dental care during the preschool years. The nurse includes the following. Select all that apply:
A. Care should include daily brushing in the morning and at bedtime and flossing
B. Dentist visits at least every 6 months
C. Use a small, soft toothbrush
D. Use toothpaste with fluoride
E. Limit high sugar foods and offer fresh fruits and vegetables daily
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
The mother of a 6 month old infant told the nurse that she introduced four new foods yesterday. The nurse educates the mother to do the following:
A. Introduce one new fruit and one new vegetable every day for seven days
B. Introduce one new food item and then wait several days before introducing another new food
C. Introduce a new meat every day at lunch time
D. Call the pediatrician before introducing any new foods
Answer: B. Introduce one new food item and then wait several days before introducing another new food
A 2-year-old child has a temper tantrum when prevented from playing with a toy. Which functional component of the mind would you identify is controlling the child’s behavior?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Subconscious
Answer: Id
T or F. The best and most functional way to handle conflict is for families to handle anger and conflict separately from one another.
Answer: False. Functional families solve problems together as a family unit
When educating a parent about teething, the nurse includes that the first teeth should erupt around what age?
A. 4 months
B. 2 months
C. 7 months
D. 12 months
Answer: C. 7 months
For a bonus 500 points: at what age should permanent teeth begin to replace baby teeth?
BONUS POINTS: 7 years old (hint: remember 7 months and 7 years old)
Whenever Wendy leaves her toddler at daycare to go to work, the child cries uncontrollable for his mother. The nurse understands that the toddler is exhibiting:
A. A temper tantrum for no reason
B. Separation anxiety
C. Stranger danger reaction
D. Phallic tendencies
Answer: B. Separation anxiety
T or F. Preschool children go to bed every night without any issues at all.
Answer: False. Children are often resistant to bedtime and may be upset, throw tantrums, or get out of bed multiple times.
For a bonus 500 points: What can a parent do to promote appropriate bedtime behaviors?
A. Allow the child to skip naps and stay up late
B. Have a consistent bedtime routine with relaxing activities
C. Have the child sleep in the bed with parents until they feel better about sleeping in their bed and room
D. Leave a night light on
BONUS POINTS: B. Have a consistent bedtime routine with relaxing activities
T or F. A child who has developed the pincer grasp has developed a gross motor skill.
Answer. False. Development of the pincer grasp is the development of a fine motor skill. One way a child exhibits the pincer grasp by picking up pieces of cereal or food.
A patient reports putting household issues aside when at work. Which defense mechanism would you identify that the patient is describing?
A. Sublimation
B. Suppression
C. Identification
D. Rationalization
Answer: B. Suppression
These are the functions of the family as mentioned in Polan and Taylor: Select all that apply:
A. Physical Maintenance (basic needs)
B. Protection
C. Nurturance
D. Inheritance
Answer: A, B, C
For a bonus 500 points: Name all of the functions of the family and give an example of each.
A. Physical maintenance (basic needs like food, water, shelter)
B. Protection (against internal forces like inherited and acquired illnesses and external forces like injury)
C. Nurturance (Loving care and attention)
D. Socialization and Education (It is within the family that the child first learns about the world and how to respond to it)-The family is the child's primary socializing agent
E. Reproduction (Means by which the family survives and passes its genes to succeeding generations)
F. Recreation (Spending time with one another-important for cohesiveness of the group)
These are appropriate toys for an 8 month old. Select all that apply:
A. Squeaky toys
B. Toys with movable parts
C. Small stuffed toys
D. A set of blocks
E. A large stuffed animal
F. Large puzzle pieces
Answer: A, B, C, D
Why not a large stuffed animal? Why not puzzle pieces?
The nurse observes the parent of a 2 year old yelling at a child for spilling his juice all over the hospital bed. The nurse understands that yelling could cause the development of:
A. Mistrust
B. Inferiority
C. Shame
D. Guilt
Answer: C. Shame
Masturbation is a common activity among preschoolers. Parents should view this behavior as:
A. Normal behavior
B. Deviant behavior requiring therapy
C. Concerning behavior
D. Strange behavior
Answer: A. Normal behavior. It is common in both sexes and decreases as a child matures.
You are visiting the home of a patient. Which defense mechanism is being used when a patient tries to justify skipping prescribed medications?
A. Denial
B. Regression
C. Suppression
D. Rationalization
Answer: D. Rationalization
The nurse understands that a family is where a child first receives loving care and attention. This is known as:
A. Nurturance
B. Enhancement
C. Socialization
D. Recreation
Answer: A Nurturance
At what age can infants coordinate movements?
A. 2 months
B. 4 months
C. 3 months
D. 8 months
Answer: D. 8 months
Despite eating a normal healthy diet, what usually causes the potbelly appearance of toddlers?
A. Overfeeding and lack of exercise
B. Intestinal blockage related to high carb intake
C. Spinal curvature that causes the abdomen to have this appearance
D. This could be an indication of a serious condition and requires immediate follow-up with a pediatrician
Answer: C. Spinal curvature that causes the abdomen to have this appearance
The type of play seen at the preschool age is:
A. Parallel play
B. Associative play
C. Solitary play
D. Isolated play
Answer: B. Associative play
A note written about a patient is as follows: “Patient informed of the results of the biopsy. Responded with laughter, stated plans to return to work and to take a cruise in 6 months.” In which way would you categorize the patient’s response?
A. Denial
B. Undoing
C. Conversion
D. Reaction formation
Answer: D. Denial
You are visiting the home of a new family in the community. Which information from the assessment indicates the basic function of protection is supported in the family?
A. All family member immunizations are current.
B. Children are encouraged to talk and answer questions.
C. Family members are wearing clothes in good condition.
D. Mother cuddles toddler while father plays with preschool-age son.
Answer: A. All family member immunizations are current.
For a bonus 500 points: What functions of the family do the other options in the question describe?
BONUS POINTS: B-Socialization and education, C- Physical maintenance, and D-combination of nurturance and recreation
The nurse is preparing to weigh a 1 year old child. The child's birth weight was 7 lbs. How much would the nurse expect the child to weigh now?
A. 7 lbs.
B. 14 lbs.
C. 21 lbs.
D. 28 lbs.
Answer: 21 pounds (infants double their weight at 6 months and triple their weight at 12 months or 1 year)
For a bonus 500 points: How much would the nurse expect the child to weigh at 6 months?
BONUS POINTS: B. 14 lbs.
Bella is three years old and has temper tantrums every day at nap time. The nurse should explain to her mother that:
A. Temper tantrums at this age is normal and there's nothing you can do about them
B. Temper tantrums are a reflection of poor parenting skills
C. Tell the child that she can have an ice cream sandwich if she stops crying and goes to sleep
D. Temper tantrums are common at this age. Let's develop some strategies to help your child manage her frustration
Answer: D. Temper tantrums are common at this age. Let's develop some strategies to help your child manage her frustration.
Nightmares and Night terrors differ in which ways?
A. With nightmares, the child remains inconsolable for a long period.
B. With night terrors, the child remembers the event in detail.
C. Nightmares are usually accompanied by rapid respirations and rapid heart rate.
D. With night terrors, the child has no recall of the event.
Answer: D. With night terrors, the child has no recall of the event.
The nurse is doing an assessment on a family in the community. The nurse understands that which circumstance represents family loss and breakdown? Select all that apply:
A. The parents have recently divorced
B. The youngest child has sickle cell
C. The mother has a second job to cover medical expenses
D. The family attends church regularly on Sundays and Wednesdays
Answer: A and B
The nurse is assessing an infant who is 8 months old. He was 20 inches long when he was born. How many inches does the nurse expect the child to be?
A. 22 inches
B. 26 inches
C. 28 inches
D. 30 inches
Answer: C. 28 inches (Infants grow one inch per month for first year)
How many inches will this child be at 10 months old? 1 year old?
30 inches, 32 inches
T or F. Amblyopia is the development of a "lazy-eye". Treatment involves putting a patch over the "bad eye". Without treatment, the child could go blind.
Answer: False. Amblyopia is the development of a lazy eye. Treatment involves putting a patch over the GOOD EYE. Without treatment, the child could go blind in the affected eye.
This is the difference between nightmares and night terrors.
A. Nightmares are a more extreme form of night terrors.
B. Children will not remember a nightmares but will remember night terrors.
C. Children will have no recollection of the night terror.
D. Children wake up from night terrors and can tell their parents about the experience in detail.
Answer: C. Children will have no recollection of the night terror.
Which characteristic do all families share?
A. A specific purpose
B. Specific roles for their members
C. A specific number of members
D. Specific behavioral regulations
Answer: A. A specific purpose
The nurse is assessing the head of an 11 month old. The nurse expects the anterior fontanel to be __________ and the posterior fontanel to be _____________.
A. Closed; open
B. Open; closed
C. Closed; bulging
D. Open; bulging
Answer: B. Open; closed
(The anterior fontanel closes between 12-18 months, the posterior fontanel closes around 4 months)
T or F. Gummy bears and popcorn are excellent snacks to give a toddler to further develop the pincer grasp.
Answer: False. Gummy bears and popcorn are choking hazards for the toddler.
For a bonus 500 points: Name five good snacks for toddlers.
BONUS POINTS: yogurt, crackers, ice cream, soft cookies, fruit (banana, applesauce etc.)
T or F. You are the parent of an 11 year old who wants to know where babies come from. It is best to tell them the stork brings babies to the house until they are old enough to understand the "birds and the bees".
Answer: False. Tell them the truth, be simple and honest, but appropriate for their level of comprehension
Which goal is common to all families?
A. Disciplined action
B. Ritual acts within the group
C. Monetary success
D. Personal fulfilment of the members
Answer: D. Personal fulfilment of the members
A parent reports that her toddler who is toilet trained now wants to wear a diaper like her newborn baby brother. The nurse understands these are signs of:
A. Deviance
B. Regression
C. Obsession
D. Congenital defects
Answer: B. Regression
This is a sign of a possible ear infection in toddlers:
A. Tugging on the ear
B. Vomiting
C. Coughing
D. Scratching an itchy ear
Answer: A. Tugging on the ear
Why are toddlers prone to ear infections?
Shorter, wider eustachian tube
T or F. School age children experience rapid rates of growth.
Answer: False. School age kids experience growth that is slow and steady.
These are the family patterns discussed in Polan and Taylor. Select all that apply:
A. Authoritarian
B. Democratic
C. Permissive
D. Laissez-Faire
E. Authoritative
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
For a bonus 500 points: Which family pattern listed allows the child complete freedom? Select all that apply.
BONUS POINTS: C and D Permissive (also called Laissez-Faire)
What reflexes help the infant to secure food? Select all that apply:
A. Rooting
B. Babinski
C. Moro
D. Sucking
E. Grasp
Answer: A and D (rooting and sucking)
What does the rooting and sucking reflexes look like in the infant?
Rooting-when the cheek is stroked, turning the head towards the side that was stroked. Sucking-making sucking movements when anything touches the lips or tongue
What is strabismus?
A. Lazy eye
B. Sty on the eye
C. Cross eyes
D. Swelling of the eyes
Answer: C. Cross eyes.
Treatment: glasses, patching, eye exercises, surgery
You are the nurse teaching safety tips to the parents of school aged children. What should you include? Select all that apply:
A. Wear protective equipment as appropriate when participating in organized sports
B. Water safety around swimming pools and other bodies of water
C. Children this age can ride in a regular seat as long as it is in the back of the car
D. Wear protective equipment when riding skateboards, bikes, scooters, or roller skates
Answer: A, B, D
This family pattern involves the parents making all decisions with no input from children. Select all that apply:
A. Authoritarian
B. Democratic
C. Permissive
D. Autocratic
E. Authoritative
Answer: Authoritarian (Also known as Autocratic)
For a bonus 500 points: Which family pattern offer their members choices and encourage participation and individual responsibility? Select all that apply.
BONUS POINTS: Authoritative (also called Democratic)
Which of the following activities demonstrates that Jeremy, age 6 months, has mastered the pincer grasp?
A. He picks up a small morsel of food
B. He reaches out to grasp bright-colored objects
C. He brings his fingers to his mouth.
D. He rolls over from the abdomen to his back
Answer: A. He picks up a small morsel of food
Label the skills below as fine motor skills or gross motor skills.
A. Skipping
B. Dressing
C. Standing on one foot
D. Running
E. Self-feeding
F. Hopping
Answer:
Fine motor skills = B, E
Gross motor skills = A, C, D, F
What good eating habits should the nurse reinforce with the parents of a preschool age child?
A. Make sure the child's diet is high in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
B. Sit and eat with the child in front of the television watching the child's favorite shows.
C. Eat with the child in a relaxing environment
D. Eat with the child in a formal environment
Answer: C. Eat with the child in a relaxing environment
T or F. When it comes to disciplining school aged children, rules should be strictly enforced to discourage acting out.
Answer: False. School age children need freedom to explore, but within reasonable boundaries set by the parents etc.
The nurse is observing interactions between a father and his 6 year old son. The nurse understands that the father engages in an authoritative (democratic) family pattern when she observes what?
A. The father orders his dinner tray without asking his son what he wants.
B. The father allows the son to run around the hospital room, jump of the bed and couch, and scream without any correction or acknowledgement.
C. The father asks his son if he wants to put on his superman or batman pajamas.
D. The father allows the child complete freedom to do whatever he wants.
Answer: C. The father asks his son if he wants to put on his superman or batman pajamas.
For a bonus 500 points: What family pattern is being exhibited in answers A, B, and D?
BONUS POINTS: A-Authoritarian (Autocratic), B and D-Permissive (Laissez-Faire)
At what age can most infants with normal motor development sit alone?
A. 4 months
B. 5 months
C. 6 months
D. 7 months
Answer: 7 months
Which type of play is seen in a two year old child?
A. Solitary play
B. Parallel play
C. Cooperative play
D. Competitive or Team play
Answer: B. Parallel play
When promoting healthy dental habits with preschoolers, what should you as the nurse include?
A. Give the preschooler a firm toothbrush to ensure plaque is removed
B. Use non-fluoride toothpaste
C. Brush the teeth only when they are visibly dirty
D. Give the child a small, soft toothbrush
Answer: D. Give the child a small, soft toothbrush
The leading cause of accidental deaths in this age group is:
A. Suicide
B. Gun related accidents
C. Drowning
D. Motor vehicle crashes
Answer: D. Motor Vehicle Crashes
For a bonus 500 points: T or F. 8-year-olds should be encouraged to swim alone after school to increase the sense of autonomy and independence.
BONUS POINTS: False-swimming alone should be discouraged and safety features put in place to prevent this.
The nurse is caring for a 5 year old child who lives with her mother and father who are married. As the nurse, how would you identify this family type?
A. Blended family
B. Adoptive family
C. Cohabitative family
D. Nuclear family
Answer: D. Nuclear family (Adult married partners with or without children)
For a bonus 500 points: What is the makeup of the other families listed in the question?
BONUS POINTS: Blended Family-Mother(s) or father(s), stepparent, child, siblings, stepsiblings, half-siblings
Adoptive Family-Parents or caregivers and children
Cohabitative family-Adult unmarried partners with or without children
How many hours a day does a newborn typically sleep?
A. 8 hours
B. 10 hours
C. 15 hours
D. 20 hours
Answer: 20 hours
For a bonus 500 points: What language skills are typical for a 12 month old child?
A. Cooing
B. Babbling
C. Saying a few words
D. Having fluent speech
BONUS POINTS: C. Saying a few words
Which thinking style is associated with toddlers?
A. Imaginative
B. Competitive
C. Industrious
D. Egotistic
Answer: A. Imaginative
For a bonus 500 points: T or F. Sibling rivalry and/or feeling of jealousy and insecurity can occur with the birth of another child.
BONUS POINTS: True
Sibling rivalry is best resolved by:
A. Blaming both parties
B. Separating both children
C. Immediately determining the instigator
D. Supporting the weaker child
Answer: B. Separating both children until they are calm
For a bonus 500 points: T or F. A preschooler (ages 3-6 years old) with older siblings will feel the need to compete with their older sibling.
BONUS POINTS: True.
A nurse is assessing a student who was punched by a known bully. The nurse understands that children who bully other children are:
A. Students with high grades and high levels of confidence and self-esteem
B. Often involved in organized sports
C. Always the product of divorced parents
D. Children who have been bullied themselves
Answer: D. Children who have been bullied themselves