Intro & Cell Injury
The number of new and old cases of a disease in a specific population.
What is Prevalence
This area of the brain is responsible for recognition of body position, balance, and coordinated movement
What is the cerebellum?
Examples of this type of defense of the body are: Unbroken skin and mucous membranes, secretions such as tears and gastric juices
What is the First line of defense?
These sensory receptors are located close to the body's surface.
What are exteroceptors (cutaneous receptors)?
This is the term used for ischemic disorders of the heart that occur suddenly and require immediate treatment.
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Located in the medulla, these respond to hypercapnia (high CO2) and low pH to control breathing.
What are central chemoreceptors?
This is the most common type of anemia worldwide.
What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?
This type of pressure is the "pushing" pressure of blood against vessels.
What is Hydrostatic Pressure?
A serum pH of 7.2 indicates this.
What is acidosis?
Disease causing microbes, sometimes referred to as germs or "bugs".
What are Pathogens?
These cells facilitate bone/calcium resorption.
What are Osteoclasts?
This disorder is characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas and requires insulin replacement.
What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Dark colored, tarry stools, often indicate bleeding in upper GI tract.
What is Melena?
This type of renal dysfunction results from injury to functional structures within the kidney itself.
What is Intrarenal?
Swelling, pain, redness
What are local signs of infection
This area of the brain is affected when a patient is experiencing EXPRESSIVE aphasia.
This chemical's major action is immediate vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
These receptor cells in the retina provide color vision.
What are cones?
This is the gold standard diagnostic tool for diagnosing Coronary Artery Disease.
What is Intravascular Coronary Angiography?
This abnormal breath sound indicates alveoli opening and closing against fluid, such as in heart failure or pneumonia.
What are crackles?
This disorder is characterized by a severe dysfunction of the coagulation system, with both excessive clotting, and uncontrollable hemorrhage.
What is DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)?
This type of fluid has the same tonicity as blood, therefore does not cause fluid shift or change in cell size.
What is Isotonic fluid?
These organs help regulate pH in the process known as compensation.
What are the Lungs and Kidneys?
Resident population of mixed microorganisms in areas of the body.
What is Normal Flora?
This connective tissue joints muscle to bone.
What are Tendons?
The three "P's" of Diabetes.
What are Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia?
Avoidance of caffeine, spicy/fatty foods, alcohol, smoking is important with this disease.
What is GERD (Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease)?
The phase of AKI characterized by low urine output, decreased GFR, and fluid overload.
What is Oliguric phase?
Examples of these, which cause cell damage are Exogenous: from the environment, and Endogenous: from inside the body
This triad of symptoms occurs in Increased Intracranial Pressure, includes widening pulse pressure, decreasing pulse (bradycardia), and decreasing/irregular respiratory rate.
What is Cushing's Reflex/Cushing's Triad?
Mild fever, malaise, and fatigue are examples of this kind of effect of inflammation.
What is systemic?
This defect of the eye is characterized by farsightedness associated with aging; a loss of elasticity reduces accommodation.
What is presbyopia?
Signs and symptoms of this includes the Beck Triad, Pain worsening with deep breathing, and Pulsus paradoxus.
What is pericardial effusion?
This respiratory disorder is characterized by inflammation of the mucosa with edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased secretion of thick mucus.
What is asthma?
Complications of this include opportunistic infections, congestive heart failure, hemorrhage, and bone pain.
What is leukemia?
Manifestations of this include tachycardia, hypotension, sunken fontanelles in infants, and decreased skin turgor.
What is Dehydration (fluid volume deficit)?
Ventilation does this when pH is too BASIC.
What is Decrease? (CO2 is retained)
Higher than normal spread of infection, or transmission to a new geographical area.
What is Epidemic?
Overstretch and possible tear of a ligament.
What is a Sprain?
Myocardial Infarction, arteriosclerosis, and Peripheral Vascular Disease are examples of this long term complication of Diabetes.
What is Macroangiopathy?
Most peptic ulcers are caused by this.
What is H. Pylori?
Indications for this include persistent hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, fluid volume overload not responsive to diuretics.
What is Dialysis?
The time of exposure to a microorganism and onset of signs and symptoms.
What is the incubation period?
This type of injury occurs when the brain has two contralateral points of impact, often from acceleration or deceleration injuries.
What is Coup-Contrecoup?
Dehydration, edema, and hypovolemic shock are possible complications of this type of injury.
What are burns?
This ear disorder involves inflammation or infection of the middle ear, with exudate building up in the cavity causing pressure on the tympanic membrane.
What is otitis media?
Crackles, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are manifestations of this type of heart failure.
What is Left sided heart failure?
This physical manifestation of emphysema is the result of air being trapped in the alveoli.
What is Barrel Chest?
Initial symptoms of this disease is usually a painless enlarged lymphnode.
What is Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
This electrolyte has primarily neurological manifestations in the event of an imbalance.
What is Sodium?
The blood test used to diagnose acid/base imbalance.
What are ABGs (arterial blood gases)?
Infection acquired in health care setting.
What is Nosocomial?
This complication of fracture presents with extreme pain disproportionate to injury, weak or absent distal pulses and is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgical intervention.
What is Compartment Syndrome?
This organ secretes several stimulating hormones, in addition to direct hormones.
What is the Pituitary Gland?
Projectile vomiting, poor weight gain and dehydration in infants are signs of this disorder.
What is Pyloric Stenosis?
The most common causative microorganism of Urinary Tract Infections.
What is E. Coli?
Inadequate blood supply to an organ.
What is ischemia?
This complication of Spinal Cord injury causes a massive sympathetic reflex response that cannot be controlled from the brain; often caused be infection, or other stimuli such as tight clothing or overfull bladder.
What is autonomic dysreflexia?
This burn classification involves epidermis and part of the dermis, and includes blister formation.
What are Superficial partial-thickness burns?
This ear disorder affects the inner ear labyrinth, causing severe vertigo and nausea.
What is Meniere's syndrome?
This is a tear in the lining between tunica intima and media of the aorta leading to a splitting of layers.
What is Aortic Dissection?
This device, used for obstructive sleep apnea, works by preventing one's airway from closing during sleep.
What is a CPAP?
This disease involves increased production of plasma cells in the bone marrow and has a poor prognosis when diagnosed.
What is Multiple Myeloma?
Chvostek and Trousseau signs are positive in this electrolyte imbalance.
What is Hypocalcemia?
This imbalance results from hyperventilation, the patient may present with dizziness, tingling of extremities and tetany.
What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
This type of immunity comes to the body's defense first and immediately.
What is Innate immunity?
Risk factors of this include female gender, lack of Calcium and Vit. D intake, immobility and lack of weight bearing exercise, and smoking.
What is Osteoporosis?
This disorder results in significantly decreased urine output, dilutional hyponatremia, and hypervolemia.
What is SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)?
Increased conjugated bilirubin and light colored stools are manifestations of this.
What is Posthepatic Jaundice?
The most common type of this develops following a Strep infection, with an initial manifestation of periorbital edema.
What is Glomerulonephritis?
These biochemicals wash up on beaches.
What are Nucleo-TIDES?
The Neuron was sent to the principals office for this reason.
What is It had trouble controlling its impulses?
Chronic joint inflammation in dogs is called this.
What is "Arf-ritis"?
This has four eyes, but cannot see.
What is Mississippi?
This process has several different types, but all result in inadequate perfusion, cellular hypoxia, and compensatory mechanisms.
What is Shock?
clinical manifestations of this disorder include absent breath sounds on the affected side, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the unaffected side.
What is Tension Pneumothorax?
The most pessimistic blood type.
What is B-Negative?
These promote excretion of large amounts of sodium and water during fluid volume overload.
What are Natriuretic Peptides?
A pH of 7.3, CO2 of 40 and HCO3 of 18 would indicate this imbalance.
What is Metabolic Acidosis?
In this type of immunity, antibodies are given to the individual rather than producing them themselves.
What is Passive Immunity?
This results from aging, joint overuse from sports or occupation, obesity, or joint misalignment.
What is Osteoarthritis?
The symptoms for this disorder are intolerance to heat, weight loss, tachycardia, and exophthalmos.
What is Hyperthyroidism?
In liver disease, portal hypertension and decreased synthesis of albumin result in fluid shift out of portal circulation into the peritoneal cavity.
What is Ascites?
The opposite of "you're out!"
What is URINE?
The bacteria crossed the microscope for this reason.
What is, To get to the other SLIDE?
The meninges gave this reassurance to the brain.
What is, "Don't worry, I've got you covered!"
This is a frozen ibuprofen.
What is a chill pill?
The cochlea likes to swim here.
Where is Lake Ear-ie?
This heart condition results from high blood pressure in the lungs, usually caused by chronic lung disease.
What is Cor Pulmonale?
This disorder, seen in critically ill patients involves widespread alveolar injury, sudden progressive pulmonary edema, and severe hypoxemia that does not respond to oxygen therapy.
What is ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)?
Biologists love taking these kinds of pictures.
What are cell-fies?
A chemist's favorite type of dog.
What is a laboratory retriever?
An acid with a bad attitude.
What is an A-MEAN-o-Acid?
Clinical manifestations of this autoimmune disease include symmetrical joint tenderness and swelling.
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
A patient with this will present with redness, swelling, and warmth of a joint, and may have "tophi".
What is Gout (gouty arthritis)?
Treatment of Addison's Disease requires replacement of this.
Multiple diarrhea stools containing blood and mucus are manifestations of this diease.
What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Kidneys will last this long.
What is a lifetime, if ur-ine luck?