COPD
What is the main problem in the lungs with COPD
air is trapped in the lungs
what is the difference between active and latent tuberculosis
active TB has symptoms and you can spread it
latent TB has no symptoms, not infectious
How long does it take for symptoms of ARDS to occur
12-48 hours after precipitating event
What protein is deficient in patients with CF and what is the job of this protein
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductase regulator (CFTR) which is a protein that transports chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes
Describe Cor Pulmonale
R sided heart failure, enlarged R ventricle d/t high blood pressure (pulmonary hypertension) caused by chronic lung disease
What is the main problem in chronic bronchitis? What clinical symptom(s) result?
main problem- hypertrophy of mucus glands lead to excessive mucus production and mucus plug traps CO2 and causes low O2 levels
clinical symptom- productive cough
Diabetes, surgery, childbirth, puberty, immunosuppressive drugs, steroid therapy
Describe the 3 main clinical manifestations of ARDS
What are some additional signs/symptoms
hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen, decreased lung capacity r/t pulmonary compliance, and dense bilateral pulmonary infiltrate
rapid onset severe dyspnea, anxious/labored breathing, crackles in lungs, hypoxemia, cyanosis, mental status changes, vital signs changes
What are the major pancreatic symptoms associated with CF
pancreatic insufficiency, abd pain, malnutrition, protruding abd, excess fat in stool, vitamin deficiency, fluctuating glucose level
What are the nursing responsibilities in caring for an intubated patient?
monitor VS, breath sounds, ABG, monitor accurate vent settings, assess tube placement
What are the clinical symptoms of emphysema?
dyspnea, nonproductive cough, weight loss, barrel chest
Explain the 2 methods of diagnosing TB
Manatout Test and a sputum sample
Describe 2 methods used to diagnose ARDS and what results would confirm the diagnosis
ABG- increased CO2, decreased O2, acidodic
CXR- diffuse haziness "white out"/ground glass appearance
What are the major respiratory symptoms related to CF
chest distended, atelectasis, pulmonary htn (cor pulmonale), resp acidosis, fingers clubbed, frequent resp infections
List at least 4 complications to monitor for with a ventilated patient
GI: stress ulcers, electrolyte imbalances
Lung: pneumothorax, subQ emphysema
Cardiac:decreased cardiac output r/t vent settings
infection
muscular immobility
vent dependence
Describe at least 3 options for medical management of COPD
humidified air, mucokinetic drugs, saline for dilution of secretions, expectorants, bronchodilators, epi, anticholinergic (atrovent), steroids, oxygen
Explain at least 3 health teachings for a patient with active TB
Airborne precautions, well ventilated room, mouth care, handwashing, strict adherence to drug regime
Name at least 3 causes of ARDS
shock, trauma, sepsis, aspiration, hemolytic disorders, pancreatitis, pneumonia, drug overdose, fat emboli, near drowning, nervous system injury
Describe 2 diagnostic tests for CF
sweat test, stool analysis, chest xray, pulmonary function tests (incentive spirometry)
Describe the nursing responsibilities for a patient being extubated
monitor post removal VS, lung sounds, mental status
hoarseness, stridor
place in semi fowlers
Describe at least 4 nursing diagnoses for a patient with COPD
ineffective breathing, ineffective airway clearance, impaired gas exchange, activity intolerance, powerlessness, anxiety, nutritional imbalance
Name 4 nursing diagnoses for a patient with active or latent TB
ineffective airway clearance, knowledge deficit, activity intolerance, pain, social isolation, hypoxia
Describe 4 nursing interventions for ARDS
intubate and promote optimal vent status, elevate head/chest, assess lungs q1-2hrs, chest PT as ordered, sedation/paralysis, promote rest, maintain fluid/electrolyte balance
Name 4 nursing diagnoses for a patient with CF
ineffective airway clearance, imbalanced nutrition, impaired skin integrity, altered growth and development, knowledge deficit
List 3 nursing diagnoses that would work for a patient with lung cancer, copd, cf, and tb
many options