Gastrointestinal
This drug class reduces stomach acid by blocking histamine receptors.
What are H2 blockers
What is the 15-15 rule?
15g of fast-acting carbohydrates, then recheck blood glucose in 15 minutes?
Think about clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia and what constitutes 15g of fast acting carbs!
Patients taking levothyroxine should take it at this specific time relative to food for maximum absorption.
What is 30-60 minutes before breakfast on an empty stomach?
A patient on long-term prednisone develops moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity, and purple striae. The nurse documents this as what condition?
What is iatrogenic Cushing disease (Cushing syndrome)?
Albuterol relieves bronchoconstriction by stimulating these specific receptors in the lungs.
What are beta-2 adrenergic receptors?
This prototype short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) is the rescue inhaler for acute asthma attacks.
What is albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir)?
This medication class provides the strongest suppression of stomach acid production.
What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
According to ADA guidelines, this biguanide drug is the first-line oral antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus
What is metformin (Glucophage)?
This is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune disorder in which TSH receptor antibodies overstimulate the thyroid gland to produce 5-15 times the normal hormone level.
What is Graves disease?
This is the most common class of medications used to replace cortisol.
What is hydrocortisone?
Don't forget patient teaching...
What is rebound nasal congestion?
Congestion that worsens when you stop taking medication. Which one?
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) relieves nasal congestion by?
What is vasoconstriction (constricting the arterioles)?
This medication is used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers...and carries a big side effect...
What is misoprostol?
This is the most serious and most common adverse effect of insulin therapy that nurses must monitor for at all times.
What is hypoglycemia? What are the clinical manifestations?
This hormone is released from the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid.
What is TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)?
This is the FIRST lab to check when evaluating thyroid function.
In primary Addison disease, this pituitary hormone is markedly ELEVATED because low cortisol removes the negative feedback signal.
What is ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)?
What are antitussives?
cough suppressants
Why give? Who would you not give to?
This medication is the cornerstone first-line DAILY treatment for all levels of persistent asthma, not a SABA alone.
What is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)?
Magnesium-containing antacids commonly cause this side effect.
Calcium-containing antacids commonly cause this side effect.
What is diarrhea?
What is constipation?
This hormone allows glucose to enter cells from the bloodstream.
What is insulin?
These two hormones are produced by the thyroid gland and regulate metabolism.
What are T3 and T4?
This hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex and helps regulate stress and metabolism.
What is cortisol?
During a severe asthma attack, the nurse notices the patient's wheezing has suddenly disappeared. Rather than improving, this likely signals what dangerous development?
What is severe bronchoconstriction (status asthmaticus / near-complete airway obstruction)?
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) helps loosen respiratory secretions through this specific mechanism, and the nurse should encourage patients to do this alongside taking
What is stimulating respiratory tract fluid to increase volume and decrease mucus viscosity — and encouraging the patient to drink plenty of water?
Stimulant laxatives commonly cause these side effects.
What are cramping and diarrhea? Know MOA for all of them!
This electrolyte imbalance is caused by insulin therapy.
What is hypokalemia?
High TSH and low T4 indicate this condition.
Low TSH and high T4 indicate this condition.
What is primary hypothyroidism?
What is hyperthyroidism?
What would be expected in a patient taking too much levothyroxine?
This condition occurs when there is too little cortisol production.
This condition occurs when there is too much cortisol in the body.
What is Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency)?
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
This mucolytic prototype, administered by inhalation, has a dual role: it liquefies thick mucus AND serves as the antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
What is acetylcysteine (Acetadote/Mucomyst)?
Frequent use of this inhaler indicates poor asthma control.
What is albuterol?