Brain Anatomy
Which brain region is responsible for coordination, balance, and learning motor movements
What is the cerebellum?
Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body
What is the axon?
This neurotransmitter is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
What is glutamate?
Progressive cognitive function decline. Decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
This 19th-century railroad worker survived an iron rod passing through his frontal lobe, leading to drastic personality changes and influencing early theories on brain function.
Who is Phineas Gage?
Which brain region is known as the relay center of the brain, relaying information from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex for interpretation?
What is the thalamus?
Gap where neurotransmitters are released
What is the synaptic cleft?
Neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation
What is serotonin?
This disorder, caused by damage to the basal ganglia, results in involuntary and repetitive movements known as tics.
What is Tourette syndrome?
This type of brain wave, associated with deep sleep, is the slowest and has the highest amplitude
What are delta waves?
Which brain region plays a crucial role in involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate?
What is the medulla oblongata?
This ion is required for synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane, triggering neurotransmitter release
What is calcium (Ca²⁺)?
The degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is carried out by this enzyme
What is acetylcholinesterase?
This movement disorder is caused by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra and is often treated with levodopa
What is Parkinson’s disease?
This reflex, seen in newborns, causes them to fan out their toes when the sole of the foot is stroked and is used in neurological exams.
What is the Babinski reflex?
Which brain region is responsible for synthesizing and secreting melatonin? It is also responsible for regulating the body's natural sleep wake cycle.
What is the pineal gland?
Myelinates neurons in the CNS
What are oligodendrocytes?
This opioid neurotransmitter, released during stress and pain, is part of the body’s endogenous pain-relief system
What is endorphin?
This autoimmune disease attacks the myelin sheath of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness and vision problems
What is multiple sclerosis?
The cerebellum contains approximately this percentage of the brain’s total neurons, despite being much smaller than the cerebrum.
What is 50%?
Which brain region plays a crucial role in emotion, pain processing, cognitive control, mood regulation, memory, with its anterior and posterior regions having distinct functions?
What is the cingulate cortex?
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically maintained at approximately this voltage
What is -70 millivolts? (-70mV)
Serotonin (5-HT) is primarily synthesized from this amino acid precursor
What is tryptophan?
This neurological condition results in the inability to recognize faces, even those of close family members, due to damage in the fusiform gyrus.
What is prosopagnosia?
The term “brain freeze” refers to the rapid constriction and dilation of blood vessels in this artery, which supplies blood to the brain
What is the internal carotid artery?