Fission and Fusion
A reaction in which a heavier nucleus is split into lighter nuclei
What is fission
This is the mass of a beta particle
0 amu
This is the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a radioactive sample to decay
Half-life
Radioisotopes used for medical purposes should have this property to minimize biological risk
Short half-life OR quick elimination from the body
This is the part of the atom involved in nuclear reactions
Nucleus
A reaction in which lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
Fusion
This ratio determines whether a nucleus is stable or unstable
Ratio of neutrons to protons
This is the half life of carbon-14
5715 years
This is the isotope of carbon used to determine the age of once-living organisms
This is the decay mode of francium-220
Alpha
This is one similarity between fission and fusion
Both release large amounts of energy OR both convert mass into energy
During alpha decay, the mass of the nucleus decreases by this amount
This is the fraction of a radioisotope that remains unchanged after two half-lives
1/4
This radioisotope is often used for radiation treatment to kill cancer cells
Cobalt-60
Other than mass, this value must always be conserved during chemical or nuclear reactions
Charge
This is one risk of using nuclear fission as a source of energy
What is production of radioactive waste
This is the number of reactants in a nuclear decay reaction equation
One
A sample of Sr-90 initially at 30 g decays for 87.3 years. What is the final mass?
3.75 g
Iodine-131 is used for diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving this part of the body
Thyroid
This form of radiation has the lowest penetrating power
Alpha radiation
This is one benefit of using nuclear fusion instead of fission for energy production
Produces more energy OR does not produce radioactive waste
fluorine-19
A radioisotope with an initial mass of 40 g decays for 9 years. Its final mass is 5 g. What is the half-life?
3 years
The ratio of uranium-238 to this element is used to determine the age of rocks
Lead
This is one way to identify artificial transmutation based on a reaction equation
More than one reactant