DNA Basics
RNA Basics
Nucleotide Structure
DNA Structure
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
What is the name of the pentose sugar in RNA?
Ribose
100
What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA?
A pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
100
What forms the backbone of DNA?
Sugar and Phostates by a phosphodiester bond
200
DNA is a polymer, what is the monomer that makes up a DNA polymer?
Nucleotide
200
Which base does RNA have instead of thymine?
Uracil
200
Name the two groups nitrogenous bases can be grouped into.
Purines and pyrimidines
200
What does "antiparallel" mean in the context of DNA strands?
Strands run in opposite directions.
One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'
300
What are the four nitrogenous bases used in DNA?
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
300
True or false: RNA is packaged into chromosomes for easier storage within the cell.
False
300
Which nitrogenous bases are purines?
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
300
The protein that DNA is wrapped around in a nucelosome is called:
Histone
400
What is the term for DNA's double-stranded structure?
Double helix
400
What is the primary function on RNA in eukaryotic cells?
Protein synthesis
400
Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?
Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U)
400
What is the role of complementary base pairing in DNA replication?
It ensures that each new DNA strand is an exact copy of the original by matching the correct bases during replication.
500
What type of bonds link the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
500
How does the structure of RNA differ from DNA?
RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and replaces thymine with uracil.
500
Name the purine and pyrimidine bases that pair in DNA, and specify the type and number of bonds that hold each pair together.
Adenine (purine) pairs with Thymine (pyrimidine) via two hydrogen bonds, and Guanine (purine) pairs with Cytosine (pyrimidine) via three hydrogen bonds.
500
What role do hydrogen bonds play in the stability of the DNA double helix?
Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs stabilize the DNA structure while still allowing the strands to separate for replication or transcription.